Choking:introduction of its pathological reasons,syndrome differentiation and common syndromes.

Syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine. ✵Traditional Chinese medicine has been used for thousands of years. Through thousands of years of practice, it has been proved that Chinese medicine is effective and feasible in treating diseases, preventing diseases and maintaining health. The treatment of diseases with traditional Chinese medicine has saved countless lives. The treatment of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine is macro and comprehensive.

 The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine is derived from and guided by long-term clinical practice. Through the analysis of the phenomenon, the internal mechanism is explored. Therefore, this unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine has two basic characteristics, one is the overall-concept, the other is the dialectical treatment.

Choking.
Choking. 
 ✵Choking: is also known as dysphagia, it is a syndrome in which the swallowing of food is obstructed, or the swallowing of food is followed by vomiting.

 ✵Etiology: the occurrence of this disease, more by worry and anger, drink much alcohol and take too much spicy food, excessive fatigue injury, lead to liver depression, spleen deficiency, kidney injury, the formation of Qi depression, blood stasis, phlegm accumulation, excess fire, body saliva exhaustion, caused by a series of pathological changes. Its pathological site, although mainly in the esophagus and stomach, but has close relationships with the dysfunction of the liver, spleen, kidney and other viscera.

 (1).Worry thinking depression and anger emotions, phlegm Qi blocking,(2). Improper diet, phlegm and heat accumulated and formed stasis.

 ✵Symptoms:(1). Swallowing obstruction, diaphragm oppression and dull pain, difficulty in defecation(constipation), dry mouth and dry throat, body gradually thin and emaciated, red tongue, tongue coating white and greasy, pulse string-like and fine, is choking due to Qi and phlegm accumulation blocking. Liver Qi depression, phlegm and dampness blocking internally, Qi oppression and not free, phlegm and Qi accumulated and blocking at chest and diaphragm, result in choking.

 (2).Chest and diaphragm pain, food can not go down and spit out again, even difficulty in drinking water, defecation is hard as sheep faeces, or vomit out brown coffee color liquid, thin body and emaciated, dry skin, red tongue and less body fluid or saliva, or petechiae is observed, pulse is fine and uneven, is the choking of the stagnant blood stasis internally type. Blood stasis is blocking in the esophagus, Qi flowing dysfunction, leads to choking.

 (3).Chest and diaphragm pain, food could not be swallowed, complexion pale white, cold body and short of breath, spit green saliva, edema face, the foot is swollen, pale tongue and lack in saliva, pulse is sinking fine and weak, is the choking of Yang deficiency and Qi collapse type. 

 ✵Syndrome differentiation: syndrome differentiation should check its nature deficiency or excess. The excess type means the Qi, phlegm and blood blocking in the esophagus, the deficiency type of body fluid and blood gradually withered. 

Common syndromes of choking.
Common syndromes of choking. 
 ✦The common syndromes of choking are introduced as:

 ✧1.Phlegm and Qi alternating stasis type choking:

 Symptoms: obstruction of swallowing, full in the chest and above diaphragm, pain, belching, hiccup or vomiting sputum, dry mouth and throat, thin emaciation and exhausted, hard stool or defecation similar as sheep feces, red tongue, tongue coating is thin greasy or thin yellow, pulse manifestation is string-like fine and slippery.

 ✧2.Blood stasis accumulation internally type choking.

 Symptoms: pain in chest and diaphragm, can not swallow down food and vomit out again, even difficulty in drinking water, stool as hard as sheep dung, or spit out fluid similar as red bean juice, thin body and emaciation, skin withered, red or blue-purple tongue, pulse is string-like fine uneven.

 ✧3.Body fluid deficit and heat accumulation type choking.

 Syndrome: swallowing with difficulty and painful, but could intake liquid diet, solid diet is difficult to be swallowed, body gradually thin and emaciated, dry mouth and pharynx(dry mouth, dry throat), constipation(difficulty in defecation), five upset heat(vexation and heat in five Zang-viscera), tongue is red dry with cracks, pulse manifestation is string-like fine and rapid.

 ✧4.Qi deficiency and Yang weak type choking.

 Syndrome: long-term no appetite(could not take food), or vomit after eating, exhalation clear saliva, pale white complexion, mental fatigue, cold body and short of breath, abdominal distension and edema, swollen feet, tasteless and tongue coating is white, pulse manifestation is fine and weak.

Other syndromes of choking.
Other syndromes of choking. 
 ✦The other syndromes of choking are introduced as:

 ✧Five choking, due to Qi, worry, consumption, food, thinking. The Qi choking with symptoms palpitation, not free in the upper and lower, vomit not thoroughly, suffering pain in chest and hypochondria regions; The worry choking with symptoms cold limbs in cloudy days, palpitate below the heart, counter cold in limbs; The consumption choking with symptoms full below the hypochondriac region, full in chest, counter cold in limbs, could not self-warm; The food choking with symptoms pain in chest, can not breathe; The sorrow choking with symptoms palpitation, amnesia and dim eyesight; All these are mainly due to cold pathogen counter flow upward to the chest and hypochondria regions;

 ✧Choking, could not voice;

 ✧Choking, food could not be swallowed;

 ✧Choking, full in chest and obstacled by Qi;

 ✧Choking, food is obstacled by Qi in chest;

 ✧These syndromes of choking, mostly means cases of food could not be swallowed due to pathological reasons, not include choking due to other things stuck in the throat.

References:
  • 1.Choking:introduction of its pathological reasons,syndrome differentiation and common syndromes.
  • 2.Su Wen:the Plain Questions of Huangdi's Internal Classic.By 黄帝(the Yellow Emperor).
  • 3.Ling Shu:the Spiritual Pivot of Huangdi's Internal Classic.By 黄帝(the Yellow Emperor).
  • 4.Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun:the General Treatise on the Cause and Symptoms of Diseases.By 巢元方(Cháo Yuánfāng).

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