Introduction of Ju Hua:Flos Chrysanthemi or Chrysanthemum Flower.
✵The article gives records of the herb Chrysanthemum Flower, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its botanical source one plant species, ①.Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of this plant, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of this plant, the features of the herb Chrysanthemum Flower, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Flos Chrysanthemi(Chrysanthemum Flower).
Pin Yin Name: Jú Huā.
English Name: Chrysanthemum Flower.
Latin Name: Flos Chrysanthemi.
Property and flavor: light cold, pungent, sweet, bitter.
Brief introduction: The herb Flos Chrysanthemi is the dried flower-head of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., used (1).to disperse wind and heat in the treatment of wind-heat affliction with fever and headache, (2).to pacify the liver and brighten the eyes for treating acute conjunctivitis, and dizziness in hyperactive liver Yang, and (3).to clear heat and counteract toxins for treating boils and sores. The herb is commonly known as Flos Chrysanthemi, Chrysanthemum Flower, Jú Huā.
Botanical source: The herb Flos Chrysanthemi is the dried flower-head of the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., it is commonly known as Chrysanthemum Flower, it is a plant of the Chrysanthemums (mums or chrysanths) genus, the Asteraceae family (Compositae, daisy family) of the Asterales order. This commonly used species is introduced:
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.
Botanical description: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is also known as Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. The plant is commonly known as Chrysanthemum flowers or Ju Hua, are perennial in their original form, the plant grows up to 60~150 cm tall, and all are densely covered with white fuzz. The stem is upright, branched, or unbranched, covered with pilose. Leaves are alternate, and have short petioles; leaf blades are ovate to lanceolate, 5~15 cm long, pinnatilobate or pinnatifid, and the base is cuneate, the under surface is covered with white pubescence.
Capitula (flower heads) is 2.5~20 cm in diameter, and vary in size, single or several cluster on the branch's top end; involucre bracts are in layers, the out layer is green, stripe, the edge is membranous, the outer surface is covered with pilose; ligulate flowers are white, red, purple or yellow.
Achenes are not developed. Its flowering period is from September to November.
Growth characteristics: The plant prefers warm and moist climate, sufficient sunshine, needs adequate sunshine time, especially in the flowering period, and avoids shade. It is tolerant to cold, slightly tolerant to drought, avoids waterlogging, and likes fertilizer. The temperature suitable for growth is around 20 °C (Celsius, or 68 degrees Fahrenheit), the plant can grow at temperatures 0~10 °C (Celsius, or 32~50 degrees Fahrenheit), it is tolerant to low temperatures - 4 °C (Celsius, or 24.8 degrees Fahrenheit) in the flowering period, the root is tolerant to low temperatures -16 ~ -17 °C (Celsius, or 3.2~1.4 degrees Fahrenheit). Its soil requirement is not strict, better choose a field of high terrain, dry, sunny, and leeside, loose fertile, rich in humus, good drainage, pH (pH scale:acidity-basicity) value is 6~8, sandy loam or loam soil for cultivation. It can grow in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils. Should not choose heavy soil, low-lying land with water logging for cultivation. The plant is suitable for relay cropping with other plants including corn, mulberry, soybean, tobacco, cole, garlic, and wheat.
Characters of herbs: There are five kinds of common chrysanthemum flowers are introduced, they are Tribute Chrysanthemum or Gong Juhua, Chu-Chrysanthemum or Chu Juhua, Huai Chrysanthemum or Huai Juhua, Bo-Chrysanthemum or Bo Juhua, Hang Chrysanthemum or Hang Juhua.
The Tribute Chrysanthemum is also known as Gong Juhua, oblate or irregular globular, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. Ligulate flowers are white or whitish (almost white), obliquely ascending, the upper part is reflexed, and the edges are slightly curled and wrinkled, usually without glandular dots; Tubular flowers (tubiform floret) are few, exerted.
The Chu-Chrysanthemum is also known as Chu Juhua, irregular globular or oblate, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. Ligulate flowers are white, irregularly twisted, involute (rolled inward), edges are wrinkled, and sometimes light brown glandular dots are visible; Tubular flowers are mostly hidden.
The Huai Chrysanthemum is also known as Huai Juhua, irregularly spherical or oblate, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. Most of them are ligulate flowers, which are whitish or yellow, irregularly twisted, involute (rolled inward), and edges are wrinkled, and sometimes glandular dots are visible; Tubular flowers are mostly hidden.
The Bo-Chrysanthemum is also known as Bo Juhua, capitulum (flower head) is obconical, or cylindrical, sometimes it is slightly squashed and fan-shaped, 1.5~3 cm in diameter. The involucre is disc shape; the involucral bracts are in 3–4 layers, oval or elliptic, herbaceous, yellow-green or brown-green, the out surface is covered by pilose, the edge is membranous, the receptacle is hemispherical, without stipules or hairs. Ligulate flowers are in several layers, pistillate flower, locate in the periphery (out layer), whitish (almost white), stiff and straight, uplifted, longitudinally folded and shrunk, golden glandular dots are scattered; Tubular flowers are numerous, hermaphroditic, located in the center, hidden by ligulate flowers, yellow, 5-toothed at the front end. Achenes are not developed, with no pappus. The herb is light, soft and smooth, loose and crisp when it is dried. It has a delicate fragrance and tastes sweet and slightly bitter.
The Hang Chrysanthemum is also known as Hang Juhua, disc shape (plate shape) or oblate, 2.5~4 cm in diameter, usually several connect to pieces. Ligulate flowers are whitish or yellow, flat or slightly folded, adhered to each other, usually without glandular dots; Tubular flowers are numerous and exerted.
The herb chrysanthemum flower of a better grade has intact petals, white (yellow), strong fragrance, and without impurities.
Pharmacological actions: ①.significantly dilate coronary arteries; ②.increase coronary blood flow; ③.improve myocardial oxygen consumption; ④.antipyretic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects; ⑤.inhibitory effects on influenza virus, leptospira, and a variety of pathogenic bacteria.
Medicinal efficacy: Dispel wind and dissipate heat, clearing liver and improving vision (removing liver-fire for improving eyesight), calm the liver Yang, clear heat and detoxification, indicated for headache, dizziness, red eyes, dysphoria with smothery sensation in the chest and heart, furuncle, boils, pyogenic infections, dizziness of wind, alcohol poison and malignant boil.
Administration of Chrysanthemum Flower (Jú Huā):
Reference:
Administration Guide of Chrysanthemum Flower (Jú Huā)
TCM Books:
①.Internally: 5~9 grams; ②.water decoction, 1.5~3 qian (about 4.5~9 grams), brewing tea or prepare into pill, powder; ③.water decoction, 10~15 grams, or prepare to pill, powder, or brewing tea. Externally: proper amount, wash with water decoction, or mashed and apply stick.
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1.Introduction of Ju Hua:Flos Chrysanthemi or Chrysanthemum Flower.
✵The article gives records of the herb Chrysanthemum Flower, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its botanical source one plant species, ①.Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of this plant, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of this plant, the features of the herb Chrysanthemum Flower, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Pin Yin Name: Jú Huā.
Botanical description: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is also known as Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. The plant is commonly known as Chrysanthemum flowers or Ju Hua, are perennial in their original form, the plant grows up to 60~150 cm tall, and all are densely covered with white fuzz. The stem is upright, branched, or unbranched, covered with pilose. Leaves are alternate, and have short petioles; leaf blades are ovate to lanceolate, 5~15 cm long, pinnatilobate or pinnatifid, and the base is cuneate, the under surface is covered with white pubescence.
Growth characteristics: The plant prefers warm and moist climate, sufficient sunshine, needs adequate sunshine time, especially in the flowering period, and avoids shade. It is tolerant to cold, slightly tolerant to drought, avoids waterlogging, and likes fertilizer. The temperature suitable for growth is around 20 °C (Celsius, or 68 degrees Fahrenheit), the plant can grow at temperatures 0~10 °C (Celsius, or 32~50 degrees Fahrenheit), it is tolerant to low temperatures - 4 °C (Celsius, or 24.8 degrees Fahrenheit) in the flowering period, the root is tolerant to low temperatures -16 ~ -17 °C (Celsius, or 3.2~1.4 degrees Fahrenheit). Its soil requirement is not strict, better choose a field of high terrain, dry, sunny, and leeside, loose fertile, rich in humus, good drainage, pH (pH scale:acidity-basicity) value is 6~8, sandy loam or loam soil for cultivation. It can grow in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils. Should not choose heavy soil, low-lying land with water logging for cultivation. The plant is suitable for relay cropping with other plants including corn, mulberry, soybean, tobacco, cole, garlic, and wheat.
The Tribute Chrysanthemum is also known as Gong Juhua, oblate or irregular globular, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. Ligulate flowers are white or whitish (almost white), obliquely ascending, the upper part is reflexed, and the edges are slightly curled and wrinkled, usually without glandular dots; Tubular flowers (tubiform floret) are few, exerted.
The Chu-Chrysanthemum is also known as Chu Juhua, irregular globular or oblate, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. Ligulate flowers are white, irregularly twisted, involute (rolled inward), edges are wrinkled, and sometimes light brown glandular dots are visible; Tubular flowers are mostly hidden.
The Huai Chrysanthemum is also known as Huai Juhua, irregularly spherical or oblate, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. Most of them are ligulate flowers, which are whitish or yellow, irregularly twisted, involute (rolled inward), and edges are wrinkled, and sometimes glandular dots are visible; Tubular flowers are mostly hidden.
The Bo-Chrysanthemum is also known as Bo Juhua, capitulum (flower head) is obconical, or cylindrical, sometimes it is slightly squashed and fan-shaped, 1.5~3 cm in diameter. The involucre is disc shape; the involucral bracts are in 3–4 layers, oval or elliptic, herbaceous, yellow-green or brown-green, the out surface is covered by pilose, the edge is membranous, the receptacle is hemispherical, without stipules or hairs. Ligulate flowers are in several layers, pistillate flower, locate in the periphery (out layer), whitish (almost white), stiff and straight, uplifted, longitudinally folded and shrunk, golden glandular dots are scattered; Tubular flowers are numerous, hermaphroditic, located in the center, hidden by ligulate flowers, yellow, 5-toothed at the front end. Achenes are not developed, with no pappus. The herb is light, soft and smooth, loose and crisp when it is dried. It has a delicate fragrance and tastes sweet and slightly bitter.
The Hang Chrysanthemum is also known as Hang Juhua, disc shape (plate shape) or oblate, 2.5~4 cm in diameter, usually several connect to pieces. Ligulate flowers are whitish or yellow, flat or slightly folded, adhered to each other, usually without glandular dots; Tubular flowers are numerous and exerted.
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