Introduction of Epilobium Herb:willow herb or blooming sally.

Popular Herbs. ✵The article gives records of the herb Epilobium Herb, its English name, Latin name, common names, property and flavor, its botanical source five plant species, ①.Epilobium hirsutum L., ②.Epilobium parviflorum Schreber., ③.Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn., ④.Epilobium angustifolium L., ⑤.Epilobium palustre L., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these five plant species, and other 28 species in the Epilobium section and 4 species in the Chamaenerion Tausch section, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these five plant species, the features of the herb Epilobium Herb, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.

Epilobium Herb(willow herb).

Epilobium spp English Name: Epilobium Herb.
 Latin Name: Epilobium spp.
 Common Names: willow herb, blooming sally, blood vine, water clove, hoary willow herb, thin-leaf willow herb, rosebay willowherb, marsh willow herb, etc.
 Property and flavor: cool or cold in nature, tastes bitter, or pungent, or pungent and slight bitter.

 Brief introduction: Epilobium herb is the above-ground parts or roots of the Epilobium varieties, the plant is found all over America, Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, Tasmania, etc. As its leaves are similar to willow leaves, so it is commonly known as willow herb.

 Botanical source: Common herbal classics defined the herb Epilobium Herb as the flowers and other parts of the species (1).Epilobium hirsutum L., (2).Epilobium parviflorum Schreber., (3).Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn.,(4).Epilobium angustifolium L., (5).Epilobium palustre L., and other species. They are plant species of the Epilobium genus, the Onagraceae family (evening primrose family). The flowers, above-ground parts, or roots are used medicinally. These commonly used species and other common species are introduced:

Epilobium sect.


 Introduction: Epilobium sect is a section in the Epilobium genus of the Onagraceae family (evening primrose family), perennial herbs, upright, ascending, or prostrate. Stems are cylindrical or quadrangular. Leaves are opposite (occasionally whorled) at least below inflorescence and alternate sparsely spirally (E. sinense H. Lev.). Flowers are actinomorphic, parallel to the stem axis when blooming; flower tube exists; petal apex is concave to deeply 2-lobed; stamens vary in length in 2 whorls, pollen grains are yellow, pollinated by quadruple pollen; style is always upright; stigma is usually entire, clavate to capitate, as long as or higher than stamens, sometimes 4-lobed and higher than stamens.

 There are about 150 species of plants in the Epilobium sect., these species are widely distributed in temperate regions of the world; there are 33 species in China, which are widely distributed throughout the country. The species introduced are:(1).Epilobium hirsutum L.,(2).Epilobium parviflorum Schreber.,(3).Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn.,(4).Epilobium kermodei Raven.,(5).Epilobium palustre L.,(6).Epilobium minutiflorum Hausskn.,(7).Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam.,(8).Epilobium roseum Schreb.,(8.1).Epilobium roseum Schreber subsp. subsessile (Boissier) Raven,(9).Epilobium tianschanicum Pavlov,(10).Epilobium amurense Hausskn.,(11).Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C.J.Chen.,(12).Epilobium tibetanum Hausskn.,(13).Epilobium platystigmatosum C.B.Rob.,(14).Epilobium sinense Lévl.,(15).Epilobium cylindricum D.Don.,(16).Epilobium brevifolium D.Don,(17).Epilobium pannosum Hausskn.,(18).Epilobium williamsii Raven.,(19).Epilobium sikkimense Hausskn.,(20).Epilobium gouldii Raven.,(21).Epilobium hohuanense S.S.Ying,(22).Epilobium royleanum Hausskn.,(23).Epilobium pyrricholophum Franch.et Savat.,(24).Epilobium nankotaizanense Yamamoto.,(25).Epilobium taiwanianum C.J.Chen.,(26).Epilobium pengii C.J. Chen.,(27).Epilobium clarkeanum Hausskn.,(28).Epilobium blinii Lévl.,(29).Epilobium fangii.,(30).Epilobium fastigiatoramosum Nakai.,(31).Epilobium subcoriaceum Hausskn.,(32).Epilobium kingdonii Raven.,(33).Epilobium ciliatum Raf..

Chamaenerion Sect.


 Introduction: Chamaenerion Sect: Chamaenerion Tausch is a section in the Epilobium genus of the Onagraceae family (evening primrose family), perennial herbs or subshrubs, upright, often clumps. Stems are terete. Leaves are spiral alternate, sparsely subopposite, or whorled. The flower is slightly bilaterally symmetrical, the lower pair of petals is slightly narrower than the upper one, and is perpendicular to the stem axis when blooming; the flower tube is absent; the petals are entire; Stamens are nearly equal in length, arranged in a whorl, pollen grains are blue to yellow, single pollen pollinates; style reflexes when flowering; stigma is deeply 4-lobed, somewhat higher than stamens, lobes open and unfold 2-3 days after flowering, and roll back when style becomes upright and withered.

 There are about 15 species of plants in the Sect. Chamaenerion Tausch, these species are widely distributed in the temperate and frigid regions of the Northern Hemisphere; there are about 4 species and 1 subspecies in China, widely distributed in the north of the Yangtze River Basin and the Himalayas. The species introduced are:(1).Epilobium angustifolium L., (2).Epilobium conspersum Hausskn., (3).Epilobium latifolium L., (4).Epilobium speciosum Decne.

(1).Epilobium hirsutum L.


 Epilobium hirsutum L:flowering plant Botanical description: The Epilobium hirsutum L., is a plant of the Epilobium L. genus, Onagraceae family (evening primrose family), it is commonly known as "Epilobium hirsutum L.", Willow herb, Water Clove, Water Orchid, etc.

 Epilobium hirsutum is a perennial stout herbaceous plant, sometimes lignified near the base, often lying down from the root neck in autumn to produce stout underground crawling branches with a length of more than 1 meter, sparse scaly leaves on the stems, and rosette-shaped leaf buds at the apex. The stems are 25~120 cm high and 3~12 mm thick, often branched in the middle and upper parts, and are densely spread villous around, often mixed with short and straight glandular hairs, especially on inflorescences, which are sparsely covered with white woolly hairs. Leaves are herbaceous, opposite, alternate in the upper part of the stem, sessile, and somewhat stalked; Stem leaves are lanceolate-elliptic to narrowly obovate or elliptic, sparsely lanceolate, 4~20 cm long, and 0.3~5 cm wide. The apex is tapering to acuminate, the base is nearly cuneate (wedge-shaped), the margin has 20~50 serrations on each side, both surfaces are villous, sometimes short glandular hairs are mixed on the back surface, and the back is sparsely densely woolly or nearly glabrous. The lateral veins are often inconspicuous, with 7~9 hairs on each side. Racemes are upright; Bracts are leaflike.

 Epilobium hirsutum L:flowering plant Flowers are upright with oval buds, 4.5~9 mm long and 2.5-5 mm in diameter; Ovary is grayish green to purple, 2~5 cm long, densely covered with villous and short glandular hairs, sometimes mainly glandular hairs, or sparsely woolly hairs without glandular hairs; Pedicel is 0.3~1.5 cm long; The hypanthium (calyx tube) is 1.3~2 mm in length and 2~3 mm in diameter, with a circle of long white hairs at the throat; Sepals are oblong and linear, 6~12 mm long and 1~2 mm wide, and their backs are raised into carinate, with hairs like those hairs on the ovary; Petals are usually rose-red, or pink to purplish red, wide and inverted cordate, 9~20 mm long, 7~15 mm wide, a concave is on the apex, 1~2 mm deep; The anthers are milky yellow, oblong, 1.5~2.5 mm long and 0.6~1 mm wide; The length of the outer filament wheel is 5~10 mm, and the length of the inner filament wheel is 3~6 mm; Style is upright, 5~12 mm long, white or pink, glabrous, sparsely villous; Stigma is white, 4-parted, lobes are oblong, 2~3.5 mm long, upright at first, gamophyllous, spreading during blooming, soon bent down, glabrous or sparsely hairy outside, slightly longer than stamens.

 Epilobium hirsutum L:flowering plant The capsularfruit is 2.5~9 cm long, with the same hairs as hairs on the ovary; The carpopodium (fruit stalk) is 0.5~2 cm long. The seeds are inverted egg-shaped, 0.8~1.2 mm long, 0.35~0.6 mm in diameter, with a short rostrum (beak) at the top, dark brown, and rough papillae on the surface; The tassel is 7~10 mm long, yellow-brown or off-white, and easy to fall off. Its flowering period is from June to August and fruiting from July to September.

 Epilobium hirsutum L:growing plant  Ecological environment: Epilobium hirsutum widely spreads in Eurasia continent and temperate Africa, east to northeast Asia, and the Far East, Siberia and Himalayas, west to Asia Minor, Scandinavia, and northern Africa, it grows wildly and is cultivated in North America, in China it grows in temperate and tropical regions, grows in the area at altitudes of 150~2,000 meters in the north of the Yellow River Basin, and in the southwest area at altitudes of 180~2,800 meters in valleys, sand or gravel fields in stream beds, sunny and wet places along ditches and lakeside, and also in shrubs, barren slopes and roadsides, the plant often grows in patches.

 Growth characteristics: This species widely spreads in temperate regions of the Eurasia continent, and the plant size, leaf shape, flower size, and hairs vary greatly in different habitats. The stem, leaf, inflorescence of this species from Xinjiang to Central Asia are densely covered with gray woolly hairs, almost without glandular hairs, while the trichomes of this species from the southwest are often dominated by glandular hairs, which is different from other regions.

 Common Uses: Young leaves of Epilobium hirsutum can be used as a salad or cold dishes, the whole herb can be used as medicine, which can relieve inflammation, relieve pain, expel wind and dampness, treat the traumatic injury, promote blood circulation, stop bleeding, and promote granulation.

(2).Epilobium parviflorum Schreber.


 Epilobium parviflorum Schreber:flowering plant Botanical description: Epilobium parviflorum Schreber is commonly known as small flower willow herb, hoary willow herb, etc. Epilobium parviflorum Schreber is a perennial stout herbaceous plant, it is upright, rosette-shaped leaf buds that grow from the base of the stem in autumn. Stems are 18~100 cm long, 3~10 mm thick, often branched at the upper part, mixed with long villous hairs and short glandular hairs at the periphery, gray villous hairs stretched at the lower part, and the downward ridge of the petiole is more or less obvious. Leaves are opposite, alternate at the upper part of the stem, narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3~12 cm long and 0.5~2.5 cm wide, the apex is tapering, the base is round, there are 15~60 unequal fine teeth on each side of the margin, both sides are villous, 4~8 lateral veins on each side; Petiole is nearly absent or 1~3 mm long.

 Epilobium parviflorum Schreber:flowering plant Racemes are upright, often branched; Bracts are leaflike. The flowers are upright, the buds are oblong and obovoid, 3~5 mm long and 2~3 mm in diameter; Ovary is 1~4 cm long, densely covered with upright short glandular hairs, sometimes mixed with a few villous hairs; Pedicel is 0.3~1 cm long; The length of the hypanthium (calyx tube) is 1~1.9 mm, the diameter is 1.3~2.5 mm, and there is a circle of long hair at the throat part; Sepals are narrowly lanceolate, 2.5~6 mm long, with carinate ridges on the back, covered with glandular hairs and villous hairs; Petals are pink to fresh rose-purple, pale white, wide obovate, 4~8.5 mm long, 3~4.5 mm wide, and 1~3.5 mm deep at the apex; Stamens are oblong, 0.5~1.3 mm long, 0.35~0.6 mm in diameter, the outer filament wheel is 2.6~6 mm long, the inner filament wheel is 1.2~3.5 mm long; Style is upright and 2.6-6 mm long, white to pink, glabrous; Stigma is deeply 4-parted, lobes are oblong, 1~1.8 mm long, upright at first, bent back later, nearly as long as stamens.

 The capsularfruit is 3~7 cm long, with the same coating hairs as hairs on the ovary; The carpopodium (fruit stalk) is 0.5~1.8 cm long. The seeds are inverted ovoid, 0.8~1.1 mm long, 0.4~0.5 mm in diameter, round at the top, with a very inconspicuous rostrum (beak), brown, and rough papillae on the surface; The tassel is 5~9 mm long, dark gray or off-white, and easy to fall off. Its flowering period is from June to September and fruiting from July to October.

 This species is similar to Epilobium hirsutum, the difference is: that the leaves are somewhat short-stalked, and the base does not hold the stem; Flowers are smaller, petals are 5~8 mm long; The pistil is as long as the outer stamens, and the overwintering rosette buds have no crawling branches.

 Epilobium parviflorum Schreber:flowering plant Ecological environment: Epilobium parviflorum grows on hillsides, watersides, or roadsides in the area at altitudes of 800~2000 meters. Epilobium parviflorum spreads in Asia, Europe, and other places. In China, it grows in the northwest, north area, and the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In Asia, it spread as from China to Western Asia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Nepal, Pakistan. In Europe, it spread as to Northern Europe: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, Middle Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, East Europe: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Southeastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Malta, Romania, Yugoslavia. Southwestern Europe: France, Portugal, Spain. In Africa, it spread to Macaronesia: Azores, Madeira Islands, Canary Islands, Northern Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.

(3).Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn.


 Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn:flowering plant Botanical description: The Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn., is a plant of the Epilobium L. genus, Onagraceae family (evening primrose family), it is commonly known as big flower willow herb, thin-leaf willow herb, etc. Its synonyms are Epilobium mairei, Epilobium tanguticum, Epilobium sykesii, Epilobium duclouxii, Epilobium souliei, Epilobium wallichianum subsp. souliei, etc.

 Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn is a perennial upright herbaceous plant, often clustered, produces succulent scaly roots from the ground at the base of the stem, and brown scaly leaves persist at the base of the stem the following year. The stem is 10~70 cm high, 1.5~4 mm thick, often branched, or sparsely unbranched, the upper part is villous around, the lower part is glabrous, and only villous on the ridge line. Leaves are opposite, alternate on inflorescence, ovate, wide lanceolate on the upper part of the stem, sometimes obovate on the lower part of the stem, 2~7 cm long and 1.2~2.6 cm wide, the apex is nearly acuminate or tapered, rounded base, 15~20 sharp teeth on each side of the edge, 4~5 lateral veins on each side, and villous only on the veins and the edge; Petiole is 2~8 mm long at the lower part, absent at upper part.

 Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn:flowering plant Inflorescence is pendulous to suberect. Flowers are nearly upright; Buds are ovoid, 4~7 mm long; Ovary is 1.8~2.1 cm long, mixed with villous and glandular hairs; The flower stalk is 1~3 mm long; The length of the hypanthium (calyx tube) is 1~1.5 mm, the diameter is 1.8~3 mm, and the throat has a ring of white hairs; Sepals are nearly lanceolate, 4~7.5 mm long, 1~1.8 mm wide, covered with villous and glandular-hairy; Petals are fresh rose-purple, wide obovate to reversed cardioid, 7~16 mm long, 4~9 mm wide and the concave at the apex is 1.5~3 mm deep; Anthers are 0.8~1.1 mm long and 0.4~0.5 mm in diameter; The length of the outer filament wheel is 4.5~6.6 mm, and the length of the inner filament wheel is 0.3~5 mm; Style is upright, 4~9.5 mm long; Stigma is nearly capitate, 1.9~2.5 mm long and 1.6~3 mm in diameter. When flowering, it surrounds the outer anther or protrudes from the anther.

 The capsularfruit is 3.5~7.5 cm, diameter is 1~1.5 mm, and sparsely villous; The carpopodium (fruit stalk) is 1~10 mm long. Seeds are narrowly obovate or oblong obovate, 1.2~1.5 mm long, 0.44~0.6 mm in diameter, short rostrum (beak) at the top, brown and papillose on the surface; The coma is white, 7~8 mm long, and easy to fall off. Its flowering period is from July to September and fruiting from August to October.

 Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn:flowering plant Ecological environment: Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn grows in wet places of gravel in valleys and gullies in mountainous areas, forests, shrubs, bamboo bushes, or wetlands along ditches, at altitudes of of 1,800-3,000 meters. The plant grows in the Tianshan area of Kyrgyzstan, western Tianshan of Xinjiang, northwest, and southwest China, along the Himalayas, Pakistan, Myanmar, Sikkim, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan in the western Himalayas. The above-ground parts are harvested in summer and autumn, drying in the sun or fresh use.

(4).Epilobium kermodei Raven.


 Epilobium kermodei Raven:flowering plant Botanical description: Epilobium kermodei Raven is classified in the Epilobium genus, of the Onagraceae family, its full name is Epilobium kermodei P.H. Raven, and it is commonly known as Sawtooth-leaf willow herb.

 Epilobium kermodei Raven is a perennial herb, with root suckers of more than 10 cm long on the ground at the base of the stem, and terminal succulent overwintering buds; Stems grow as high as 1.2~2 meters, glandular hairs and mixed villous hairs, with inconspicuous ridge lines; Leaves are opposite, narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 3.5~11 cm long and 1.5~4.5 cm wide, the apex is sharp, the base is broadly cuneate or orbicular (subrotund), with 28~60 pairs of sharp serrations, 5~6 pairs of lateral veins, densely villous on both veins; Petiole is 1~6 mm long.

 The inflorescence is upright, initially nearly corymbose, then elongated, often densely glandular-hairy; The capsular fruit is 7~11 cm long, with villous and glandular hairs; The stalk length is 0.7~1.5 cm; Seeds are obovate, 0.8~1.2 mm long, with thick papillae and short rostrum (beak) at the top; The tassel is white, 5~6 mm long and easy to fall off; Its flowering period is from February to May or July, and fruiting from May to July or September.

 Ecological environment: Epilobium kermodei Raven grows on open grassy slopes in middle and low-altitude mountainous areas, in wet places on both sides of river valleys and gullies, and beside lakes and ponds, in areas at altitudes of 1,800~3,800 meters, in China, it grows in west-south, the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze river.

(5).Epilobium palustre L.


 Epilobium palustre:flowering plant Botanical description: Epilobium palustre is a perennial upright herbaceous plant, slender creeping branches grow from under the base of the stem, 5~50 cm long, with pairs of leaves on sparse nodes, terminal succulent scaly buds, and the scale leaf turn brown the following year, and the stem grows from the base. The stem is 5~15 cm high, 0.5~5.5 mm thick, unbranched or branched, sometimes there are degenerated branches in the axils of the middle leaves, which are cylindrical and have no ridgelines, the periphery is covered with curly pilose, sometimes the lower part is nearly glabrous. Leaves are opposite, or alternate on inflorescence, nearly linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.2~7 cm long, 0.3~1.9 cm wide, the apex is sharp or tapering, sometimes slightly blunt, the base is orbicular (subrotund) or cuneate (wedge-shaped), the margin is entire or with 5-9 inconspicuous teeth on each side, 3~5 lateral veins on each side, inconspicuous, lower veins and margin are sparsely villous or nearly glabrous; Petiole is absent or sparsely, 1~3 mm long.

 Inflorescences are upright or slightly pendulous before blooming, densely covered with curved pilose, and sometimes mixed with glandular hairs. Flowers are nearly upright, the bud is oval, 2~3 mm long and 1.8~2.2 mm in diameter; Ovary is 1.6~3 cm long; Densely covered with curved pilose and sparse glandular hairs; The flower stalk is 0.8~1.5 cm long; The hypanthium (calyx tube) is 1~1.2 mm long and 1.3~2 mm in diameter, and the throat part is nearly glabrous or has a ring of sparse hairs; Sepals are oblong-lanceolate, 2.5~4.5 mm long, 1~1.2 mm wide, the apex is sharp, densely covered with villous and glandular hairs; Petals are white to pink or rose-purple, reversed cardioid, 3~9 mm long, 2~3 mm wide, apex concave depth is 0.8~1 mm; Anthers are oblong, 0.4~0.6 mm long and 0.2~0.4 mm wide; The length of the outer filament wheel is 2~2.8 mm, and the length of the inner filament wheel is 1.2~1.5 mm; Style is 1.4~3.8 mm long, upright, glabrous; Stigma is clavate to nearly cylindrical, 1~1.8 mm long, 0.4~0.7 mm in diameter, slightly protruding from the outer anther when flowering.

 The capsularfruit is 3~9 cm long, villous; The carpopodium (fruit stalk) is 1~5 cm long. The seeds are prismatic to narrowly obovate, 1~2.2 mm long, 0.38~0.55 mm in diameter, with a long rostrum (beak) at the tip, 0.08~0.3 mm long, brown, and there are tiny papillae on the surface; The coma is gray-white or brown-yellow, 6~9 mm long, and does not fall off easily. Its flowering period is from June to August and fruiting from August to September.

 Ecological environment: Epilobium palustre grows in lakes, marshes, river valleys, beside gullies, in the wet places of subalpine and alpine grasslands, in the area at altitudes of 200~2,500 meters in the north and 2,500~4,500 meters in the southwest. As the plant often grows in the marsh, so it is also known as marsh willow herb. The plant widely grows in the temperate and frigid regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It spreads near the Arctic in northern Asia, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, northern Pakistan, Kashmir, West Caucasus and Black Sea, Europe, and North America. The plant grows in western, southwest, and northeast China.

 Characters of herbs: Epilobium herb is the above-ground part of Epilobium parviflorum and other small-blossomed Epilobium species. The herb is dried in the open air in the shade. The root of Epilobium hirsutum is also used.

 Pharmacological actions: ①.antimicrobial effect; ②.tumor-inhibiting effect; ③.edema inhibitory effect; ④.anti-inflammatory effect; ⑤.anti-depression; ⑥.antioxidants ⑦.inhibit 5-Alpha-reductase; etc.

 Willow herb has antimicrobial effects, its tincture has an anti-microbial effect against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus albus, and Staphylococcus aureus, the Epilobium hirsutum leaf preparation shows in vitro anti-microbial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, a fraction of willow herb preparation showed a tumor-inhibiting effect on transplanted tumors in lab animals, its component oenothein B has been found to exhibit potent anti-tumor properties. Epilobium angustifolium leaf preparations have an anti-inflammatory effect, the component Myricetin 3-0-glucuronide has been identified as one of the anti-inflammatory components, a special ellagitannin, oenothein B, is present in the plant and appears to be an active anti-inflammatory component too, its water decoction has an inhibition effect on causality anger. Epilobium herb is a radical scavenger, it has effective activities as hydrogen donors and primary antioxidants to react with lipid radicals, the herb contains various kinds of phenolic components, polyphenols, and flavonoids (quercitrin, rutin, isoquercitrin, isomyricitrin and myricitrin), these components have strong anti-oxidant activity. Epilobium parviflorum Schreber contains some components named macrocyclic ellagitannins, Oenothein A and Oenothein B, these ellagitannins have a strong inhibition effect on 5-Alpha-reductase.

 Medicinal efficacy: Traditionally, Epilobium herb or willow herb was used for prostate disorders, relieves discomfort and pain of kidney and bladder problems, as a tea for gastrointestinal and bronchial problems, externally for burns and other skin conditions. Epilobium parviflorum has been used for a long time for the treatment of various prostate symptoms, like prostate adenoma and associated disorders,

 In TCM works, the herb Epilobium hirsutum herb is recorded to clear heat and detoxification, remove dampness through diuresis, relieve diarrhea, aid digestion and regulate Qi, invigorate the circulation of blood, and set a fracture. It is indicated for diarrhea and dysentery of dampness and heat pathogen, food retention or dyspepsia, abdominal distension pain, odontalgia or toothache, irregular menses, amenia, and morbid leukorrhea, fracture from falling injury, sore swelling, burn and scald, scabies, etc.

 The herb Epilobium parviflorum Schreber is recorded functions dissipate wind and relieve cough, clear heat, and stop diarrhea. It is indicated for cold fever, cough, summer heat and watery diarrhea, malignant boil and furuncle, pyogenic infections, etc. Dosage recommended internally is 10~30 grams, as water decoction, externally proper amount, mashed the herb and apply a coating.

 The herb Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn is recorded functions regulating Qi and eliminating swelling, inducing diuresis to alleviate edema, detoxification, and collecting sores. It is indicated for irregular menstruation, edema, fire burn and scald, etc.

 The herb Epilobium angustifolium is recorded with functions to clear dampness and promote diuresis, regulate Qi and eliminate swelling, promoting blood circulation to restore menstrual flow. It is indicated for edema, diarrhea, food retention and distension fullness, irregular menstruation, alactation, swelling of the scrotum, skin ulcers and herpes with itch and pains, etc.

 The herb Epilobium palustre is recorded with functions to clear heat, dispel wind, relieve cough, and stop diarrhea. It is indicated for cough due to wind-heat pathogen, hoarseness, swelling and pain in the throat, bronchitis, diarrhea with ardent fever, etc.

 Administration of Epilobium Herb(willow herb): 
 
Reference: Administration Guide of Epilobium Herb(willow herb)
Herbal classic books and TCM Books: The herb is normally available as a tea, but the dosage is different, according to TCM works, different dosages are recommended:
 Herb of Epilobium hirsutum, internally use as a water decoction, the recommended dosage is 6~15 grams, as water decoction, or extract juice from fresh herb. Externally: proper amount, mashed the herb and apply a coating, or apply to smear.
 Herb of Epilobium parviflorum Schreber., internally use as a water decoction, the recommended dosage is 10~30 grams, externally proper amount, mashed the herb and apply a coating.
 Herb of Epilobium wallichianum Hausskn., internally use as a water decoction, the recommended dosage is 6~15 grams, as water decoction, externally proper amount, mashed the herb and apply a coating, or extract juice and smear.
 Herb of Epilobium angustifolium., internally use as a water decoction, the recommended dosage is 15~30 grams, as water decoction, externally proper amount, mashed the herb and apply a coating.
 Herb of Epilobium palustre., internally use as a water decoction, the recommended dosage is 9~18 grams.
 Contraindications, Precautions and Adverse Reactions: Health risks or side effects following the proper administration of therapeutic dosages are not recorded.

 

 
  

 

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References:
  • 1.Introduction of Epilobium Herb:willow herb or blooming sally.

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