Introduction of Wa Song:Roof Stonecrop or Herba Orostachyos.
✵The article gives records of the herb Roof Stonecrop, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its herbal classic book defined botanical source one plant species, ①.Orostachys fimbriatus(Turcz.) Berg., and other three usable plant species, ②.Orstachys erubescens(Maxim.) Ohwi., ③.Orost achys malacophyllus(Pall.) Fisch., ④.Orostachyl spinosus(L.) C.A.Mey., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these four plant species, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these four plant species, the features of the herb Roof Stonecrop, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Herba Orostachyos(Roof Stonecrop).
Pin Yin Name: Wǎ Sōnɡ.
English Name: Roof Stonecrop.
Latin Name: Herba Orostachyos.
Property and flavor: sour and bitter, cool, toxic.
Brief introduction: The herb Herba Orostachyos is the dried aerial part of Orostachys fimbriatus(Turcz.)Berg., used as a hemostatic mainly for treating hematochezia and hematemesis, and externally for treating skin ulcers. The herb is commonly known as Herba Orostachyos, Roof Stonecrop, Wǎ Sōnɡ.
Botanical source: Herbal classic book and other famous herbal classics defined the herb Herba Orostachyos(Roof Stonecrop) as the dried aerial part of the species (1). Orostachys fimbriatus(Turcz.) Berg., (2). Orstachys erubescens(Maxim.) Ohwi., (3). Orost achys malacophyllus(Pall.) Fisch., (4). Orostachyl spinosus(L.) C.A.Mey. They are plants of the Orostachys Fisch. Genus, the Crassulaceae family (stonecrop family) of the Rosales order. These 4 commonly used species are introduced:
(1).Orostachys fimbriatus(Turcz.)Berg.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial or perennial herb, the plant grows up to 10~40 cm tall. The plant is pink green, glabrous, with dense purple-red spots. Roots are much-branched, fibrous. Stem is upright, unbranched. Basal leaves' rosette, fleshy, spatulate linear to oblanceolate, 2~4 cm long, 4~5 mm wide, greenish purplish or glaucous, margin is fringed, apex is with semicircular cartilaginous appendage, center with 1 acicular spine; Stem leaves are alternate, sessile, linear to lanceolate, 2~3 cm long, 2~5 mm wide, apex is long acuminate, entire. Inflorescences are racemose, compact, subdivided into spires; Flowers are small, bisexual, bracts are linear acuminate, leaf-like; 5 sepals, oblong, 1~3 mm long; 5 petals, reddish, lanceolate elliptic, 5~6 mm long, base is slightly connate; 10 stamens, 2-rotund, as long as petals or slightly shorter, anthers are purple; 5 carpels, detached, 1 scale attached at base of each carpel, nearly quadrate. Follicles, oblong, ca. 5 mm long, beak is slender, ca. 1 mm. Seeds are numerous, minute, ovate. Its flowering period is from August to September, fruiting from September to November.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows on hillside stones or roof tiles. It is mainly distributed in the north, east area, and the middle reaches area of the Yangtze River, China.
Characters of herbs: The stem of the herb is slender cylindrical, yellow-brown or dark brown, with a length of 12~20 cm or 5~27 cm and a diameter of 2~6 mm, leaving scars after most leaves fall off, which are interconnected into prismatic patterns. The leaves are green or yellowish-brown, with many leaves falling off, shrinking and curling, grayish-green, 12~15 mm long and 3 mm wide. Small flowers grow on the upper stems and leaves, which are reddish-brown, and the petioles of small flowers vary in length. The texture of the herb is light and brittle, fragile. The herb has a slight odor, it tastes sour.
Medicinal efficacy: Clear heat and detoxify, cool blood, hemostasis (stanch bleeding), remove dampness through diuresis, detumescence (reduce swelling), deliquescent and collect sores. It is indicated for the treatment of hememesis (spitting blood), epistaxis (nose bleeding or bleeding from five aperture or subcutaneous tissue), hemafecia (pass blood in stool), bloody stranguria (stranguria complicated by hematuria), hepatitis, malaria, pyretic stranguria (heat stranguria), irregular menstruation, hemorrhoids, malignant boils, carbuncle, eczema, ulcers and malignant boils, scalds, burns of soup and fire, pneumonia, cervical erosion, chyluria, etc.
Administration of Herba Orostachyos (Wǎ Sōnɡ):
Reference:
Administration Guide of Herba Orostachyos (Wǎ Sōnɡ)
TCM Books:
①.Internally:3~9 grams.Externally:proper amount,prepare to ground herb powder and apply stick;②.Internally:water decoction,1~3 qian (about 3~9 grams), extract juice or prepare to pill. Externally:mashed and apply stick, fumigation wash with water decoction, or charred herb with its property retained, prepare to finely ground herb powder and apply stick; ③.Internally:water decoction,5~15 grams, extract juice, or prepare to pill. Externally:proper amount, mashed and apply stick;or fumigation wash with water decoction, or prepare to ground herb powder and apply stick.
(2).Orstachys erubescens(Maxim.)Ohwi.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Wǎn Hóng Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial herbs. Rosette first year only, fleshy, narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, 1.5~3 cm long, 4~7 mm wide, apex is long acuminate, slightly curved, cartilaginous spines, entire or with fine undulate teeth; In the second year, the flower stem is extracted from the rosette leaves, 10~40 cm high, upright, the whole plant is covered with white powder, dense brown-red glandular points. Leaves are linear to linear-lanceolate on the flower stem, 2~6 cm long, 3~7 mm wide, apex is long acuminate, dried with red spots. Racemes are conical, flowers are dense, inflorescence with leaf bracts, ovate-lanceolate or sickle-shaped; 5 sepals, ca. 4 mm; 5 petals, white or reddish, linear-lanceolate, 4~6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide; 10 stamens, 2-wheeled, slightly shorter than petals, anthers are dark purple; 5 scales, nearly quadrate, first emarginate; 5 carpels, upright, detached, base is pointed, style is slender, 2 mm long. Follicles, ca. 5 mm long. The seeds are about 1 mm long, brown. Its flowering period is from August to September, fruiting from September to November.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows on low rocks or beside gullies. It is distributed in the lower reaches area of the Yangtze River, and other areas of China.
(3).Orost achys malacophyllus(Pall.)Fisch.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Dùn Yè Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial herbs. Plants form rosette in 1st year, rosette leaves are densely oblong-lanceolate, lateral ovate or elliptic, 2~4 cm long, 1.5~2 cm wide, apex is obtuse or shortly acuminate, not spiny, entire, densely with dark red spots. Stems from rosette in 2nd year, unbranched, 10~30 cm tall, leaves are alternate on stem, larger than rosette, 7 cm long. Inflorescence is racemose, sometimes spicate, flowers are dense; Bracts are spatulate ovately; 5 sepals, oblong, 3~4 mm long, pointed; 5 petals, white or greenish, ovate-oblong, 4~6 mm long; 10 stamens, 2-wheeled, longer than petals; 5 scales, oblong, ca. 0.3 mm long, apex is emarginate; 5 carpels, ovate, detached, style is ca. 1 mm. Fruit follicles are ellipsoid. Seeds are numerous, minute, ovate-oblong, with longitudinal streaks. It is flowering in July, fruiting from August to September.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows in a rock seam at an altitude of 1,200~1,800 meters. It is distributed in Hebei and other areas of China.
(4).Orostachyl spinosus(L.)C.A.Mey.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Huáng Huā Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial herbs. In the first year, plants form a rosette, with dense rosette leaves, oblong leaves, with a semicircular white cartilaginous appendage at the apex, and a 2~4 mm long spine in the center. In the second year, flower stems are extracted from the rosette, grows up to 10~30 cm high. Leaves are alternate on the flower stem, sessile, broadly linear to oblanceolate, 1~3 cm long, 2~5 mm wide, apex is acuminate, spinose. Inflorescences are spike or racemose, terminal, 5~20 cm long; Pedicels are ca. 1 mm or sessile; Bracts are lanceolate to oblong, up to 4 mm long, apex is acuminate, spiny; 5 sepals, ovate-oblong, 2~3 mm long, apex is spiny, reddish spotted; 5 petals, yellow-green, ovate-lanceolate, 5~7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; 10 stamens, slightly longer than petals; 5 scales, subsquare, ca. 0.7 mm long, apex is emarginate; 5 carpels, lanceolate. Follicles, ellipsoid lanceolate, 5~6 mm long, margin 1.5 mm. Seeds are oblong-ovate. Its flowering period is from July to August, fruiting in September.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows in the stone crevices of dry hillside or on the stone cliff and sandy grassland of riverbank. It is distributed in northwest area of China, mainly Gansu, Xinjiang, and other areas.
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References:
1.Introduction of Wa Song:Roof Stonecrop or Herba Orostachyos.
✵The article gives records of the herb Roof Stonecrop, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its herbal classic book defined botanical source one plant species, ①.Orostachys fimbriatus(Turcz.) Berg., and other three usable plant species, ②.Orstachys erubescens(Maxim.) Ohwi., ③.Orost achys malacophyllus(Pall.) Fisch., ④.Orostachyl spinosus(L.) C.A.Mey., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these four plant species, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these four plant species, the features of the herb Roof Stonecrop, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Pin Yin Name: Wǎ Sōnɡ.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial or perennial herb, the plant grows up to 10~40 cm tall. The plant is pink green, glabrous, with dense purple-red spots. Roots are much-branched, fibrous. Stem is upright, unbranched. Basal leaves' rosette, fleshy, spatulate linear to oblanceolate, 2~4 cm long, 4~5 mm wide, greenish purplish or glaucous, margin is fringed, apex is with semicircular cartilaginous appendage, center with 1 acicular spine; Stem leaves are alternate, sessile, linear to lanceolate, 2~3 cm long, 2~5 mm wide, apex is long acuminate, entire. Inflorescences are racemose, compact, subdivided into spires; Flowers are small, bisexual, bracts are linear acuminate, leaf-like; 5 sepals, oblong, 1~3 mm long; 5 petals, reddish, lanceolate elliptic, 5~6 mm long, base is slightly connate; 10 stamens, 2-rotund, as long as petals or slightly shorter, anthers are purple; 5 carpels, detached, 1 scale attached at base of each carpel, nearly quadrate. Follicles, oblong, ca. 5 mm long, beak is slender, ca. 1 mm. Seeds are numerous, minute, ovate. Its flowering period is from August to September, fruiting from September to November.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows on hillside stones or roof tiles. It is mainly distributed in the north, east area, and the middle reaches area of the Yangtze River, China.
Characters of herbs: The stem of the herb is slender cylindrical, yellow-brown or dark brown, with a length of 12~20 cm or 5~27 cm and a diameter of 2~6 mm, leaving scars after most leaves fall off, which are interconnected into prismatic patterns. The leaves are green or yellowish-brown, with many leaves falling off, shrinking and curling, grayish-green, 12~15 mm long and 3 mm wide. Small flowers grow on the upper stems and leaves, which are reddish-brown, and the petioles of small flowers vary in length. The texture of the herb is light and brittle, fragile. The herb has a slight odor, it tastes sour.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Wǎn Hóng Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial herbs. Rosette first year only, fleshy, narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, 1.5~3 cm long, 4~7 mm wide, apex is long acuminate, slightly curved, cartilaginous spines, entire or with fine undulate teeth; In the second year, the flower stem is extracted from the rosette leaves, 10~40 cm high, upright, the whole plant is covered with white powder, dense brown-red glandular points. Leaves are linear to linear-lanceolate on the flower stem, 2~6 cm long, 3~7 mm wide, apex is long acuminate, dried with red spots. Racemes are conical, flowers are dense, inflorescence with leaf bracts, ovate-lanceolate or sickle-shaped; 5 sepals, ca. 4 mm; 5 petals, white or reddish, linear-lanceolate, 4~6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide; 10 stamens, 2-wheeled, slightly shorter than petals, anthers are dark purple; 5 scales, nearly quadrate, first emarginate; 5 carpels, upright, detached, base is pointed, style is slender, 2 mm long. Follicles, ca. 5 mm long. The seeds are about 1 mm long, brown. Its flowering period is from August to September, fruiting from September to November.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows on low rocks or beside gullies. It is distributed in the lower reaches area of the Yangtze River, and other areas of China.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Dùn Yè Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial herbs. Plants form rosette in 1st year, rosette leaves are densely oblong-lanceolate, lateral ovate or elliptic, 2~4 cm long, 1.5~2 cm wide, apex is obtuse or shortly acuminate, not spiny, entire, densely with dark red spots. Stems from rosette in 2nd year, unbranched, 10~30 cm tall, leaves are alternate on stem, larger than rosette, 7 cm long. Inflorescence is racemose, sometimes spicate, flowers are dense; Bracts are spatulate ovately; 5 sepals, oblong, 3~4 mm long, pointed; 5 petals, white or greenish, ovate-oblong, 4~6 mm long; 10 stamens, 2-wheeled, longer than petals; 5 scales, oblong, ca. 0.3 mm long, apex is emarginate; 5 carpels, ovate, detached, style is ca. 1 mm. Fruit follicles are ellipsoid. Seeds are numerous, minute, ovate-oblong, with longitudinal streaks. It is flowering in July, fruiting from August to September.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows in a rock seam at an altitude of 1,200~1,800 meters. It is distributed in Hebei and other areas of China.
Botanical description: The plant is commonly known as Huáng Huā Wǎ Sōnɡ. Biennial herbs. In the first year, plants form a rosette, with dense rosette leaves, oblong leaves, with a semicircular white cartilaginous appendage at the apex, and a 2~4 mm long spine in the center. In the second year, flower stems are extracted from the rosette, grows up to 10~30 cm high. Leaves are alternate on the flower stem, sessile, broadly linear to oblanceolate, 1~3 cm long, 2~5 mm wide, apex is acuminate, spinose. Inflorescences are spike or racemose, terminal, 5~20 cm long; Pedicels are ca. 1 mm or sessile; Bracts are lanceolate to oblong, up to 4 mm long, apex is acuminate, spiny; 5 sepals, ovate-oblong, 2~3 mm long, apex is spiny, reddish spotted; 5 petals, yellow-green, ovate-lanceolate, 5~7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; 10 stamens, slightly longer than petals; 5 scales, subsquare, ca. 0.7 mm long, apex is emarginate; 5 carpels, lanceolate. Follicles, ellipsoid lanceolate, 5~6 mm long, margin 1.5 mm. Seeds are oblong-ovate. Its flowering period is from July to August, fruiting in September.
Ecological Environment: The plant grows in the stone crevices of dry hillside or on the stone cliff and sandy grassland of riverbank. It is distributed in northwest area of China, mainly Gansu, Xinjiang, and other areas.
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