Introduction of Huang Jing:Solomonseal Rhizome or Rhizoma Polygonati.
✵The article gives records of the herb Solomonseal Rhizome, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its botanical source three plant species, ①.Polygonatum sibiricum Red., ②.Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., ③.Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua., and other two usable plant species, ④.Polygonatum macropodium Turcz., ⑤.Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle. with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these five plant species, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these five plant species, the features of the herb Solomonseal Rhizome, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Rhizoma Polygonati(Solomonseal Rhizome).
Pin Yin Name: Huánɡ Jīnɡ.
English Name: Solomonseal Rhizome,Siberian Solomonseal Rhizome.
Latin Name: Rhizoma Polygonati.
Property and flavor: neutral in nature, tastes sweet.
Brief introduction: The herb Rhizoma Polygonati is the steamed and dried rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum Red., Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, used (1).to replenish spleen Qi for the treatment of general debility and poor appetite, and (2).to nourish lung Yin for the treatment of chronic dry cough in cases of phthisis. The herb is commonly known as Rhizoma Polygonati, Solomonseal Rhizome, Huánɡ Jīnɡ.
Botanical source: Herbal classic book defined the herb Solomonseal Root(Huánɡ Jīnɡ) as the dry rhizome of the Liliaceae family plant species (1). Polygonatum sibiricum Red., or (2). Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., or (3). Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Other famous herbal classics also noted several other species of the same family could be used too, including (4). Polygonatum macropodium Turcz., and (5). Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle. They are plants of the Polygonatum Mill. Genus, the Liliaceae family (lily family) of the Liliflorae order. These 3 commonly used species and other 2 usable species are introduced:
(1).Polygonatum sibiricum Red.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum sibiricum Red is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute, or Polygonatum chinense Kunth., commonly known as Polygonatum sibiricum, Huáng Jīng, Bǐ Guǎn Cài, Wū Yā Qī (means Crow Seven), Huáng Jī Cài, or Lao Hu Jiang (means tiger-shape ginger). A perennial herb, the plant grows up to 50–90 cm high, occasionally over 1 meter. Rhizomes are decumbent, terete (cylindrical), and nodules are swollen (expanded). Leaves are verticillate, sessile, 4~6 leaves in each whorl; leaf blades are strip-lanceolate, 8~15 cm long, 4~16 mm wide; the apex is acuminate and fist-rolled.
Flowers are axillary, pendulous, 2~4 flowers grow in clusters and compose umbelliform flowering shrubs, peduncle is 1~2 cm long, pedicels are 4~10 mm long, the base has membranous bracteoles (bractlets), subulate or strip-lanceolate, has 1 vein. Perianth is terete, white to faint yellow (pale yellow), overall length is 9~13 mm, 6 lobes, lanceolate, about 4 mm long; stamens grow and are inserted at the part above 1/2 of the perianth tube, filaments are short, 0.5~1 mm long; ovary length is 3 mm, style length is 5~7 mm.
Berries are spheric in shape (globular), 7–10 mm in diameter, and atropurpureus (purple black) at maturity. Its flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
Ecological Environment: Polygonatum sibiricum Red grows in a semi-shade place on mountain slopes, in mountain forests, and in bushes. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the northwest area, and other areas of China.
Growth characteristics: Polygonatum sibiricum prefers a warm and moist climate, and a dank environment, it is tolerant of coldness, and strongly adaptable to climates. It is better to choose flat land and high mountains for cultivation, it is appropriate to choose a field with deep soil layers, and fertile, loose, moist soil with good drainage for cultivation. It is not proper to choose barren and arid land.
Characters of herbs: The rhizome is tuberculiform (nodular). One end is thick, circular disc shape (disk-like), another end is attenuated, terete (cylindrical), the whole shape is slightly similar to a chicken head, 2.5~11 cm long, the diameter of the thick end is 1~2 cm, and often has short branches, with distinct stem marks on the surface, circular (rounded) and emarginated (slightly concave), 2~3 mm in diameter, with barely visible ring nodes around it; the thin end is 2.5~4 cm long, 5~10 mm in diameter, nodes are distinct, the internode distance is 5~15 mm, there are many fibrous roots or marks of fibrous root, about 1 mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-brown, some are translucent and have wrinkles; There are vertical veins at the cylindrical part. The texture of the herb is hard and crisp, or slightly pliable and tough, making it easy to break, the fracture surface is yellowish-white, granular, and has many yellowish-brown vascular bundle spots. The herb has a slight odor, and it tastes slightly sweet.
Pharmacological actions: ①.antimicrobial effect:inhibitory effect on acid-fast bacteria in test tubes; ②.anti-fungal effect: inhibitory effect on a variety of fungi, such as Trichophyton violaceum, Epidermophyton rubrum, and so on; ③.antihypertensive effect; ④.hypoglycemic activity, etc.
Medicinal efficacy: Tonifying Qi and nourishing Yin (invigorating vital energy and nourish Yin), invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi, invigorating spleen, invigorating spleen and replenishing Qi, nourishing Yin and moistening lung, moistening the heart and lung, invigorate kidney, nourishing kidney and replenishing essence, strengthening muscles and bones. It is indicated for deficiency of spleen-Qi and stomach-Qi, spleen deficiency and feebleness (insufficiency of the spleen, lack of strength), weary and feebleness (tiredness, lack of strength), deficiency of stomach Yin, dry mouth and poor appetite, asthenia and alternation of fever and chill, lung deficiency and irritating dry cough, Yin deficiency and over-strained cough, over-strained cough and hemoptysis (cough due to consumption and cough blood), pulmonary tuberculosis and hemoptysis, insufficiency of essence and blood, physical deficiency and poor appetite after disease, soreness and weakness of waist and knees due to kidney deficiency hurt, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, impotence and seminal emission, soft and weakness of muscles and bones, premature graying hair, tinnitus and dim eyesight (ringing in the ears, dim eyesight), endogenous heat and wasting thirst (internal heat, consumptive thirst), consumptive thirst, rheumatism aching pain, physical deficiency and emaciation, tinea and corporic tinea, etc.
Administration of Rhizoma Polygonati (Huánɡ Jīnɡ):
Reference:
Administration Guide of Rhizoma Polygonati (Huánɡ Jīnɡ)
TCM Books:
①.Internally: 9~15 grams; ②.Internally:water decoction, 3~5 qian (about 9~15 grams), fresh herb 1~2 liang (about 30~60 grams);prepare to ointment, or pill, powder. Externally:wash with water decoction; ③.Internally:water decoction, 10~15 grams, fresh herb 30~60 grams;or prepare to pill, powder, or prepare to ointment. Externally:proper amount, wash with water decoction;prepare ointment and smear apply;or infusing in wine and smear apply.
Contraindications,Precautions and Adverse Reactions:the herb Rhizoma Polygonati should not be used with plum fruit, plum flower, plum leaves and plum seeds.
(2).Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum agglutinatum Hua., commonly known as Polygonatum kingianum, or Diān Huáng Jīng. A perennial herb, the plant grows up to 1–3 meters high. The top end is often winding and twisting. Rhizomes are subcylindrical (nearly cylindrical) or nearly beaded, and nodes are irregular rhombus sometimes, hypertrophic, 1-3 cm in diameter. The stem grows 1–3 meters high, and the tip is a scrambling shape. Leaves are verticillate, and 4~8 leaves or 3–10 leaves grow in a whorl; leaf blades are linear to linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 6~20 cm long, or up to 25 cm long, 3~30 cm wide, the apex is acuminate and curly, the base is narrower; sessile.
Flowers are axillary, pendulous, usually 2–4 flowers compose short cymes; peduncle is pendulous, 1-2 cm long, pedicels are 0.5–1.5 cm long, bracts are membraneous, tiny, usually at the lower part of the pedicel; perianth is big, often pinkish, terete (tubular), 18–25 mm long, lobes are 3-5 mm long; the filaments are 3-5 mm long, filiform (threadlike) or flat on both sides, anthers are 4-6 mm long. The ovary is 4-6 mm long, and the style is 8–14 mm long. The berries turn red at maturity, are 1-1.5 cm in diameter, and have 7–12 seeds. Its flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is from September to October.
Ecological Environment: Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl grows in forests, bushes, or dank grass slopes, and sometimes on rocks, in areas at altitudes of 700–3,600 meters above sea level. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the southwest areas of China.
Characters of herbs: The rhizome is hypertrophic, ginger lumps-shaped or beaded, the diameter is 2~4 cm or thicker, each nodule has a distinct stem mark, a circular disc shape (plate shape), slightly concave, 5~8 mm in diameter; There are many marks of fibrous root, often protrusive, and the diameter is about 2 mm. The surface is yellowish-white to yellowish-brown, and has distinct nodes and irregular vertical wrinkles. The texture of the herb is solid, pliable and tough, it is easily broken, the fracture surface is yellow-white, flat, granular, and has many small dark-colored vascular bundle spots. The herb has a slight odor, it tastes sweet and viscous (sticky).
(3).Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum multiflorum auct.non All., Polygonatum multiflorum L.var.longiufolium Merr., Polygonatum brachynema Hand.-Mazz., commonly known as Polygonatum cyrtonema, Duō Huā Huáng Jīng, Náng Sī Huáng Jīng, Jiāng Xíng Huáng Jīng. The rhizome is hypertrophic, usually bead-like or nodular (tuberculous), and in lumps, rarely subcylindrical (nearly cylindrical), 1~2 cm in diameter. The stem is about 50–100 cm high, and usually has 10–15 leaves. Leaves are alternate, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to rectangular-lanceolate, slightly sickle-shaped, curved, 10–18 cm long, 2–7 cm wide, and the apex is pointed to acuminate.
Inflorescences are axillary, umbelliform (umbellated), have 2~7 flowers or up to 14 flowers, peduncles are 1~4 cm long or up to 6 cm long, pedicels are 0.5~1.5 cm or up to 3 cm long; bracks are tiny, grow on the part lower than the middle of the pedicel, or are absent; the perianth is yellowish-green, 18–25 mm long, has 6 lobes, lobes are about 3 mm long; filaments are about 3–4 mm long; both sides are flat or slightly flat, have papillae to short woolly hairs, the tip is slightly enlarged or has saccate (saclike) protrusions, anthers are 3.4-4 mm long; the ovary is 3-6 mm long, styles are 12-15 mm long.
Berries are about 1 cm in diameter, turn black at maturity, and have 3–9 seeds. Its flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from August to October.
Ecological Environment: The plant, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua grows in the forest, in bushes, in shady places on mountain slopes and hillsides, or in the dank and fertile soil beside forests, thickets, and ravines, in areas at altitudes of 500–2,100 meters above sea level, or it is cultivated artificially. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the south-central area, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and other areas of China.
Characters of herbs: The rhizome is beaded or lump-shaped, slightly cylindrical, 2~3 cm in diameter. The stem mark on each nodule is distinct, a circular disc shape (plate shape), and about 1 cm in diameter. The cylindrical part has distinct annular segments, and has many marks of fibrous root, about 1 mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-brown and has fine wrinkles. The texture of the herb is firm and solid, slightly pliable and tough, the fracture surface is granular, and it has many small dots of yellowish-brown vascular bundles scattered on it. The herb has a slight odor, and it tastes slightly sweet.
(4).Polygonatum macropodium Turcz.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum macropodium Turcz is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum umbellatum Baker., commonly known as Polygonatum macropodium, or Rè Hé Huáng Jīng. A perennial herb, the plant grows up to 30–70 cm high. The rhizome is cylindrical, 1-2 cm in diameter. The stem is upright and grows up to 30–100 cm high. Leaves are alternate, sessile, or leaves above the middle of the stem are short stipitate; leaf blades are oval (egg-shaped) to ovate-elliptic, rarely ovate rectangular-circular, 4~8 cm long or up to 10 cm long, 1~3 cm wide, the apex is pointed, the base is circular (rounded).
Inflorescence has 5–12 flowers, fewer to 3 flowers, or more to 17 flowers, nearly corymbose, peduncles are 3~5 cm long, pedicels are 0.5–1.5 cm long; bracts are absent or pinpoint (very tiny), located on the part below the middle of pedicel; perianth is white or has red dots, 15-20 cm long, lobes are 4-5 mm long; filaments are about 5 mm long, has 3 narrow wings and is leprose and coarse, anthers are about 4 mm long; ovary is 3–4 mm long, style is 10–13 mm long.
The berry is globose, navy blue (deep blue) at maturity, 7–11 mm in diameter, and has 7–9 seeds. Its flowering period is May, and the fruiting period is June to July.
Ecological Environment: The plant, Polygonatum macropodium Turcz grows in the forest, on grass on hillsides or mountain slopes, or on shady slopes, in areas at altitudes between 400 and 1,500 meters above sea level. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the northern area and other areas of China.
(5).Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, is also known as Convallaria cirrhifolia Wall., Polygonatum cirrhifoliodes., commonly known as Polygonatum cirrhifolium, or Juǎn Yè Huang Jing. A perennial herb, rhizomes are hypertrophic, terete (cylindrical), 1~1.5 cm in diameter, or rhizomes are beaded (bead-like), and nodules are 1~2 cm in diameter. Stems grow up to 30–90 cm high.
The leaves are verticillate, usually, 3~6 leaves are in a whorl; rarely, the lower part has few scattered leaves, thinly striped to strip-lanceolate, rarely rectangular-lanceolate, 4~9 cm long or up to 12 cm long, 2~8 mm wide or up to 15 mm wide, the apex is fist-shaped or curved to a hook, and the margin is often revolute (curls outward).
Inflorescence is verticillate, usually has 2 flowers, peduncles are 3~10 mm long, pedicels are 3~8 mm long, cernuous; bracts are transparent and membranous, unveined, 1~2 mm long, located on the pedicel or at the base of the pedicel, or bracts are absent; Perianth is mauve (lilac), overall length is 8~11 mm, the middle of the perianth tube is slightly constricted, lobes are about 2 mm long; filaments are about 0.8 mm long, anthers are 2~2.5 mm long; ovary is about 2.5 mm long, style is about 2 mm long.
The berry is red or prunus (violet-red), 8~9 mm in diameter, and has 4~9 seeds. Its flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from September to October.
Ecological Environment: Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle grows in the dank mountain bushes and bushes beside the forest, hillsides, and mountain slopes, or grassland, in areas at altitudes of 2,000–4,000 meters above sea level. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest areas of China, and is also distributed in Nepal, and northern Pakistan.
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1.Introduction of Huang Jing:Solomonseal Rhizome or Rhizoma Polygonati.
✵The article gives records of the herb Solomonseal Rhizome, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its botanical source three plant species, ①.Polygonatum sibiricum Red., ②.Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl., ③.Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua., and other two usable plant species, ④.Polygonatum macropodium Turcz., ⑤.Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle. with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these five plant species, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these five plant species, the features of the herb Solomonseal Rhizome, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Pin Yin Name: Huánɡ Jīnɡ.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum sibiricum Red is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute, or Polygonatum chinense Kunth., commonly known as Polygonatum sibiricum, Huáng Jīng, Bǐ Guǎn Cài, Wū Yā Qī (means Crow Seven), Huáng Jī Cài, or Lao Hu Jiang (means tiger-shape ginger). A perennial herb, the plant grows up to 50–90 cm high, occasionally over 1 meter. Rhizomes are decumbent, terete (cylindrical), and nodules are swollen (expanded). Leaves are verticillate, sessile, 4~6 leaves in each whorl; leaf blades are strip-lanceolate, 8~15 cm long, 4~16 mm wide; the apex is acuminate and fist-rolled.
Flowers are axillary, pendulous, 2~4 flowers grow in clusters and compose umbelliform flowering shrubs, peduncle is 1~2 cm long, pedicels are 4~10 mm long, the base has membranous bracteoles (bractlets), subulate or strip-lanceolate, has 1 vein. Perianth is terete, white to faint yellow (pale yellow), overall length is 9~13 mm, 6 lobes, lanceolate, about 4 mm long; stamens grow and are inserted at the part above 1/2 of the perianth tube, filaments are short, 0.5~1 mm long; ovary length is 3 mm, style length is 5~7 mm.
Growth characteristics: Polygonatum sibiricum prefers a warm and moist climate, and a dank environment, it is tolerant of coldness, and strongly adaptable to climates. It is better to choose flat land and high mountains for cultivation, it is appropriate to choose a field with deep soil layers, and fertile, loose, moist soil with good drainage for cultivation. It is not proper to choose barren and arid land.
Characters of herbs: The rhizome is tuberculiform (nodular). One end is thick, circular disc shape (disk-like), another end is attenuated, terete (cylindrical), the whole shape is slightly similar to a chicken head, 2.5~11 cm long, the diameter of the thick end is 1~2 cm, and often has short branches, with distinct stem marks on the surface, circular (rounded) and emarginated (slightly concave), 2~3 mm in diameter, with barely visible ring nodes around it; the thin end is 2.5~4 cm long, 5~10 mm in diameter, nodes are distinct, the internode distance is 5~15 mm, there are many fibrous roots or marks of fibrous root, about 1 mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-brown, some are translucent and have wrinkles; There are vertical veins at the cylindrical part. The texture of the herb is hard and crisp, or slightly pliable and tough, making it easy to break, the fracture surface is yellowish-white, granular, and has many yellowish-brown vascular bundle spots. The herb has a slight odor, and it tastes slightly sweet.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum agglutinatum Hua., commonly known as Polygonatum kingianum, or Diān Huáng Jīng. A perennial herb, the plant grows up to 1–3 meters high. The top end is often winding and twisting. Rhizomes are subcylindrical (nearly cylindrical) or nearly beaded, and nodes are irregular rhombus sometimes, hypertrophic, 1-3 cm in diameter. The stem grows 1–3 meters high, and the tip is a scrambling shape. Leaves are verticillate, and 4~8 leaves or 3–10 leaves grow in a whorl; leaf blades are linear to linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 6~20 cm long, or up to 25 cm long, 3~30 cm wide, the apex is acuminate and curly, the base is narrower; sessile.
Flowers are axillary, pendulous, usually 2–4 flowers compose short cymes; peduncle is pendulous, 1-2 cm long, pedicels are 0.5–1.5 cm long, bracts are membraneous, tiny, usually at the lower part of the pedicel; perianth is big, often pinkish, terete (tubular), 18–25 mm long, lobes are 3-5 mm long; the filaments are 3-5 mm long, filiform (threadlike) or flat on both sides, anthers are 4-6 mm long. The ovary is 4-6 mm long, and the style is 8–14 mm long. The berries turn red at maturity, are 1-1.5 cm in diameter, and have 7–12 seeds. Its flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is from September to October.
Ecological Environment: Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl grows in forests, bushes, or dank grass slopes, and sometimes on rocks, in areas at altitudes of 700–3,600 meters above sea level. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the southwest areas of China.
Characters of herbs: The rhizome is hypertrophic, ginger lumps-shaped or beaded, the diameter is 2~4 cm or thicker, each nodule has a distinct stem mark, a circular disc shape (plate shape), slightly concave, 5~8 mm in diameter; There are many marks of fibrous root, often protrusive, and the diameter is about 2 mm. The surface is yellowish-white to yellowish-brown, and has distinct nodes and irregular vertical wrinkles. The texture of the herb is solid, pliable and tough, it is easily broken, the fracture surface is yellow-white, flat, granular, and has many small dark-colored vascular bundle spots. The herb has a slight odor, it tastes sweet and viscous (sticky).
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum multiflorum auct.non All., Polygonatum multiflorum L.var.longiufolium Merr., Polygonatum brachynema Hand.-Mazz., commonly known as Polygonatum cyrtonema, Duō Huā Huáng Jīng, Náng Sī Huáng Jīng, Jiāng Xíng Huáng Jīng. The rhizome is hypertrophic, usually bead-like or nodular (tuberculous), and in lumps, rarely subcylindrical (nearly cylindrical), 1~2 cm in diameter. The stem is about 50–100 cm high, and usually has 10–15 leaves. Leaves are alternate, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to rectangular-lanceolate, slightly sickle-shaped, curved, 10–18 cm long, 2–7 cm wide, and the apex is pointed to acuminate.
Inflorescences are axillary, umbelliform (umbellated), have 2~7 flowers or up to 14 flowers, peduncles are 1~4 cm long or up to 6 cm long, pedicels are 0.5~1.5 cm or up to 3 cm long; bracks are tiny, grow on the part lower than the middle of the pedicel, or are absent; the perianth is yellowish-green, 18–25 mm long, has 6 lobes, lobes are about 3 mm long; filaments are about 3–4 mm long; both sides are flat or slightly flat, have papillae to short woolly hairs, the tip is slightly enlarged or has saccate (saclike) protrusions, anthers are 3.4-4 mm long; the ovary is 3-6 mm long, styles are 12-15 mm long.
Berries are about 1 cm in diameter, turn black at maturity, and have 3–9 seeds. Its flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from August to October.
Characters of herbs: The rhizome is beaded or lump-shaped, slightly cylindrical, 2~3 cm in diameter. The stem mark on each nodule is distinct, a circular disc shape (plate shape), and about 1 cm in diameter. The cylindrical part has distinct annular segments, and has many marks of fibrous root, about 1 mm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-brown and has fine wrinkles. The texture of the herb is firm and solid, slightly pliable and tough, the fracture surface is granular, and it has many small dots of yellowish-brown vascular bundles scattered on it. The herb has a slight odor, and it tastes slightly sweet.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum macropodium Turcz is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, it is also known as Polygonatum umbellatum Baker., commonly known as Polygonatum macropodium, or Rè Hé Huáng Jīng. A perennial herb, the plant grows up to 30–70 cm high. The rhizome is cylindrical, 1-2 cm in diameter. The stem is upright and grows up to 30–100 cm high. Leaves are alternate, sessile, or leaves above the middle of the stem are short stipitate; leaf blades are oval (egg-shaped) to ovate-elliptic, rarely ovate rectangular-circular, 4~8 cm long or up to 10 cm long, 1~3 cm wide, the apex is pointed, the base is circular (rounded).
Inflorescence has 5–12 flowers, fewer to 3 flowers, or more to 17 flowers, nearly corymbose, peduncles are 3~5 cm long, pedicels are 0.5–1.5 cm long; bracts are absent or pinpoint (very tiny), located on the part below the middle of pedicel; perianth is white or has red dots, 15-20 cm long, lobes are 4-5 mm long; filaments are about 5 mm long, has 3 narrow wings and is leprose and coarse, anthers are about 4 mm long; ovary is 3–4 mm long, style is 10–13 mm long.
Botanical description: The plant, Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle is a plant of the Liliaceae family (lily family) and Polygonatum genus, is also known as Convallaria cirrhifolia Wall., Polygonatum cirrhifoliodes., commonly known as Polygonatum cirrhifolium, or Juǎn Yè Huang Jing. A perennial herb, rhizomes are hypertrophic, terete (cylindrical), 1~1.5 cm in diameter, or rhizomes are beaded (bead-like), and nodules are 1~2 cm in diameter. Stems grow up to 30–90 cm high.
Inflorescence is verticillate, usually has 2 flowers, peduncles are 3~10 mm long, pedicels are 3~8 mm long, cernuous; bracts are transparent and membranous, unveined, 1~2 mm long, located on the pedicel or at the base of the pedicel, or bracts are absent; Perianth is mauve (lilac), overall length is 8~11 mm, the middle of the perianth tube is slightly constricted, lobes are about 2 mm long; filaments are about 0.8 mm long, anthers are 2~2.5 mm long; ovary is about 2.5 mm long, style is about 2 mm long.
Ecological Environment: Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle grows in the dank mountain bushes and bushes beside the forest, hillsides, and mountain slopes, or grassland, in areas at altitudes of 2,000–4,000 meters above sea level. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest areas of China, and is also distributed in Nepal, and northern Pakistan.
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