✵points of kidney meridian(KI): acupuncture-moxibustion points distributed on the kidney meridian(KI).
✵yongquan(KI1): point on the sole, in the depression at the junction of the anterior third and posterior two-thirds of the line connecting the base of the 2nd and 3rd toes and heel.Yongquan locates on the sole of the foot, in the deepest depression of the sole when the toes are flexed.
✵rangu(KI2): point on the medial border of the foot, below the tuberosity of the navicular bone, and at the junction of the red and white skin.Rangu locates on the medial aspect of the foot, inferior to the tuberosity of the navicular bone, at the border between the red and white flesh.
✵taixi(KI3): point on the medial side of the foot, posterior to the medial malleolus, in the depression between the tip of the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon.Taixi locates on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle, in the depression between the prominence of the medial malleolus and the calcaneal tendon.
✵dazhong(KI4): point on the medial side of the foot, posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus, in the depression medial and anterior to the attachment of the Achilles tendon.Dazhong locates on the medial aspect of the foot, posteroinferior to the medial malleolus, superior to the calcaneus, in the depression anterior to the medial attachment of the calcaneal tendon.
✵shuiquan(KI5): point on the medial side of the foot, posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus, 1 cun directly below taixi(KI3), in the depression of the medial side of the tuberosity of the calcaneum.Shuiquan locates on the medial aspect of the foot, 1 B-cun inferior to KI3,in the depression anterior to the calcaneal tuberosity.
✵zhaohai(KI6): point on the medial side of the foot, in the depression below the tip of the medial malleolus.Zhaohai locates on the medial aspect of the foot, 1 B-cun inferior to the prominence of the medial malleolus, in the depression inferior to the medial malleolus.
✵fuliu(KI7): point on the medial side of the leg, 2 cun directly above taixi(KI3),anterior to the Achilles tendon.Fuliu locates on the posteromedial aspect of the leg, anterior to the calcaneal tendon, 2 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus.
✵jiaoxin(KI8): point on the medial side of the leg, 2 cun above taixi(KI3) and 0.5 cun anterior to fuliu(KI7),posterior to the medial border of the tibia.Jiaoxin locates on the medial aspect of the leg, in the depression posterior to the medial border of the tibia, 2 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus.
✵zhubin(KI9): point on the medial side of the leg and on the line connecting taixi(KI3) and yingu(KI10), 5 cun above taixi(KI3), medial and inferior to the gastrocnemius muscle belly.Zhubin locates on the posteromedial aspect of the leg, between the soleus muscle and the calcaneal tendon, 5 B-cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus.
✵yingu(KI10): point on the medial side of the politeal fossa, between the tendons of the semitendinous and semimembranous muscles when the knee is flexed.Yingu locates on the posteromedial aspect of the knee, just lateral to the semitendinosus tendon, in the popliteal crease.
✵henggu(KI11): point on the lower abdomen, 5 cun below the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Henggu locates on the lower abdomen, 5 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵dahe(KI12): point on the lower abdomen, 4 cun below the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Dahe locates on the lower abdomen, 4 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵qixue(KI13): point on the lower abdomen, 3 cun below the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Qixue locates on the lower abdomen, 3 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵siman(KI14): point on the lower abdomen, 2 cun below the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Siman locates on the lower abdomen, 2 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵zhongzhu(KI15): point on the lower abdomen, 1 cun below the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Zhongfu locates on the lower abdomen, 1 B-cun inferior to umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵huangshu(KI16): point on the middle abdomen, 0.5 cun lateral to the center of the umbilicus.Huangshu locates on the upper abdomen, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus.
✵shangqu(KI17): point on the upper abdomen, 2 cun above the center of the umbilicus, and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Shangqu locates on the upper abdomen, 2 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵shiguan(KI18): point on the upper abdomen, 3 cun above the center of the umbilicus, and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Shiguan locates on the upper abdomen, 3 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵yindu(KI19): point on the upper abdomen, 4 cun above the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Yindu locates on the upper abdomen, 4 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵futonggu(KI20): point on the upper abdomen, 5 cun above the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Futonggu locates on the upper abdomen, 5 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵youmen(KI21): point on the upper abdomen, 6 cun above the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Youmen locates on the upper abdomen, 6 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵bulang(KI22): point on the chest, in the 5th intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Bulang locates in the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵shenfeng(KI23): point on the chest, in the 4th intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Shenfeng locates in the anterior thoracic region, in the fourth intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵lingxu(KI24): point on the chest, in the 3rd intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Lingxu locates in the anterior thoracic region, in the third intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵shencang(KI25): point on the chest, in the 2nd intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Shencang locates in the anterior thoracic region, in the second intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵yuzhong(KI26): point on the chest, in the 1st intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Yuzhong locates in the anterior thoracic region, in the first intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵shufu(KI27): point on the chest, below the lower border of the clavicle, 2 cun lateral to the midline.Shufu locates in the anterior thoracic region, just inferior to the clavicle, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵points of bladder meridian(BL): acupuncture-moxibustion points distributed on the bladder meridian(BL).
✵jingming(BL1): a point on the face, in the depression slightly above the inner canthus.Jingming locates on the face, in the depression between the superomedial parts of the inner canthus of the eye and the medial wall of the orbit.
✵cuanzhu(BL2): a point on the face, in the depression of the medial end of the eyebrow, at the supraorbital notch.Cuanzhu locates on the head, in the depression at the medial end of the eyebrow.
✵meichong(BL3): a point on the head, directly above cuanzhu(BL2),0.5 cun above the anterior hairline.Meichong locates on the head, superior to the frontal notch, 0.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline.
✵qucha(BL4): a point on the head, 0.5 cun above the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to shenting(GV24).Qucha locates on the head, 0.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline,1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵wuchu(BL5): a point on the head, 1 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to the midline.Wuchu locates on the head, 1 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵chengguang(BL6): a point on the head, 2.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to the midline.Chengguang locates on the head, 2.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵tongtian(BL7): a point on the head, 4 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to the midline.Tongtian locates on the head, 4 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵luoque(BL8): a point on the head, 5.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to the midline.Luoque locates on the head, 5.5 B-cun superior to the anterior hairline, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵yuzhen(BL9): a point on the occiput, 2.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the posterior hairline and 1.3 cun lateral to the midline, in the depression on the level of the upper border of the external occipital protuberance.Yuzhen locates on the head, at the same level as the superior border of the external occipital protuberance, and 1.3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵tianzhu(BL10): a point on the nape, in the depression of the lateral border of the trapezuis muscle and 1.3 cun lateral to the midpoint of the posterior hairline.Tianzhu locates in the posterior region of the neck, at the same level as the superior border of the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra(C2), in the depression lateral to the trapezius muscle.
✵dazhu(BL11): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 1st thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Dazhu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra(T1),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵fengmen(BL12): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Fengmen locates in the upper back region,at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra(T2),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵feishu(BL13): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 3rd thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Feishu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra(T3),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵jueyinshu(BL14): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Jueyinshu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra(T4),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵xinshu(BL15): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 5th thoraci vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Xinshu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra(T5),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵dushu(BL16): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 6th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Dushu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra(T6),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵geshu(BL17): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Geshu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra(T7),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵ganshu(BL18): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Ganshu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra(T9),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵danshu(BL19): a point on the back, below the spinous proces of the 10th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Danshu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra(T10),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵pishu(BL20): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Pishu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra(T11),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵weishu(BL21): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Weishu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra(T12),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵sanjiaoshu(BL22): a point on the lower back, below the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Sanjiaoshu locates in the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra(L1), 1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵shenshu(BL23): a point on the lower back, below the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Shenshu locates in the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra(L2),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵qihaishu(BL24): a point on the lower back, below the spinous process of the 3rd lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Qihaishu locates in the lumbar region,at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra(L3),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵dachangshu(BL25): a point on the lower back, below the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Dachangshu locates in the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra(L4),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵guanyuanshu(BL26): a point on the lower back, below the spinous process of the 5th lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Guanyuanshu locates in the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra(L5),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵xiaochangshu(BL27): a point on the sacrum and on the level of the 1st posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.Xiaochangshu locates in the sacral region, at the same level as the first posterior sacral foramen, and 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest.
✵pangguangshu(BL28): a point on the sacrum and on the level of the 2nd posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.Pangguangshu locates in the sacral region, at the same level as the second posterior sacral foramen, and 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest.
✵zhonglushu(BL29): a point on the sacrum and on the level of the 3rd posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.Zhonglushu locates in the sacral region, at the same level as the third posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest.
✵baihuanshu(BL30): a point on the sacrum and on the level of the 4th posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.Baihuanshu locates in the sacral region, at the same level as the fourth posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest.
✵shangliao(BL31): a point on the sacrum, at the midpoint between the posteriosuperior iliac spine and the posterior midline, just at the 1st posterior sacral foramen.Shangliao locates in the sacral region, in the first posterior sacral foramen.
✵ciliao(BL32): a point on the sacrum, medial and inferior to the posteriosuperior iliac spine, just at the 2nd posterior sacral foramen.Ciliao locates in the sacral region, in the second posterior sacral foramen.
✵zhongliao(BL33): a point on the sacrum, medial and inferior to ciliao(GL32), just at the 3rd posterior sacral foramen.Zhongliao locates in the sacral region, in the third posterior sacral foramen.
✵xialiao(BL34): a point on the sacrum, medial and inferior to zhongliao(BL33), just at the 4th posterior sacral foramen.Xialiao locates in the sacral region, in the fourth posterior sacral foramen.
✵huiyang(BL35): a point on the sacrum, 0.5 cun lateral to the tip of the coccyx.Huiyang locates in the buttock region, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the extremity of the coccyx.
✵chengfu(BL36): a point on the posterior side of the thigh, at the midpoint of the inferior gluteal crease.Chengfu locates in the buttock region, at the midpoint of the gluteal fold.
✵yinmen(BL37): a point on the posterior side of the thigh and on the line connecting chengfu(BL36) and weizhong(BL40),6 cun below chengfu(BL36).Yinmen locates on the posterior aspect of the thigh, between the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles, 6 B-cun inferior to the gluteal fold.
✵fuxi(BL38): a point at the lateral end of the popliteal crease, 1 cun above weiyang(BL39), medial to the tendon of the biceps muscle of the thigh.Fuxi locates on the posterior aspect of the knee, just medial to the biceps femoris tendon, 1 B-cun proximal to the popliteal crease.
✵weiyang(BL39): a point at the lateral end of the popliteal crease, medial to the tendon of the biceps muscles of the thigh.Weiyang locates on the posterolateral aspect of the knee, just medial to the biceps femoris tendon in the popliteal crease.
✵weizhong(BL40): a point at the midpoint of the popliteal crease, between the tendon of the biceps muscle of the thigh and the semitendinous muscle.Weizhong locates on the posterior aspect of the knee, at the midpoint of the popliteal crease.
✵fufen(BL41): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Fufen locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra(T2), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵pohu(BL42): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 3rd thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Pohu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra(T3),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵gaohuang(BL43): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Gaohuang locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra(T4),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵shentang(BL44): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Shentang locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra(T5),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵yixi(BL45): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 6th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Yixi locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra(T6),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵geguan(BL46): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Geguan locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra(T7),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵hunmen(BL47): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Hunmen locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra(T9),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵yanggang(BL48): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 10th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Yanggang locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra(T10),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵yishe(BL49): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Yishe locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra(T11),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵weicang(BL50): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Weicang locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra(T12),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵huangmen(BL51): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Huangmen locates in the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra(L1),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵zhishi(BL52): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Zhishi locates in the lumbar region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra(L2),3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵baohuang(BL53): point on the buttock and on the level of the 2nd posterior sacral foramen, 3 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.Baohuang locates in the buttock region, at the same level as the second posterior sacral foramen, 3 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest.
✵zhibian(BL54): point on the buttock and on the level of the 4th posterior sacral foramen, 3 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.Zhibian locates in the buttock region, at the same level as the fourth posterior sacral foramen, 3 B-cun lateral to the median sacral crest.
✵heyang(BL55): point on the posterior side of the leg and on the line connecting weizhong(BL40) and chengshan(BL57),2 cun below weizhong(BL40).Heyang locates on the posterior aspect of the leg, between the lateral head and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, 2 B-cun distal to BL40, on the line connecting BL40 with BL57.
✵chengjin(BL56): point on the posterior side of the leg and on the line connecting weizhong(BL40) and chengshan(BL57),at the center of the gastrocnemius muscle belly,5 cun below weizhong(BL40).Chengjin locates on the posterior aspect of the leg, between the two muscle bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle, 5 B-cun distal to the popliteal crease.
✵chengshan(BL57): point on the posterior midline of the leg, between weizhong(BL40) and kunlun(BL60), in a pointed depression formed below the gastrocnemius muscle belly when the leg is stretched or the heel is lifted.Chengshan locates on the posterior aspect of the leg, at the connecting point of the calcaneal tendon with the two muscle bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle.
✵feiyang(BL58): point on the posterior side of the leg, 7 cun directly above kunlun(BL60) and 1 cun lateral and inferior to chengshan(BL57).Feiyang locates on the posterolateral aspect of the leg, between the inferior border of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the calcaneal tendon, at the same level as 7 B-cun proximal to BL60.
✵fuyang(BL59): point on the posterior side of the leg, posterior to the lateral malleolus, 3 cun directly above kunlun(BL60).Fuyang locates on the posterolateral aspect of the leg, between the fibula and the calcaneal tendon, at the same level as 3 B-cun proximal to BL60.
✵kunlun(BL60): point posterior to the external malleolus, in the depression between the tip of the external malleolus and the Achilles tendon.Kunlun locates on the posterolateral aspect of the ankle, in the depression between the prominence of the lateral malleolus and the calcaneal tendon.
✵pucan(BL61): point on the lateral side of the foot, posterior and inferior to the external malleolus, directly below kunlun(BL60), lateral to the calcaneum, at the junction of the red and white skin.Pucan locates on the lateral aspect of the foot, distal to BL60, lateral to the calcaneus, at the border between the red and white flesh.
✵shenmai(BL62): point on the lateral side of the foot, in the depression directly below the external malleolus.Shenmai locates on the lateral aspect of the foot, directly inferior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus, in the depression between the inferior border of the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.
✵jinmen(BL63): point on the lateral side of the foot, directly below the anterior border of the external malleolus, on the lower border of the cuboid bone.Jinmen locates on th dorsum of the foot, distal to the anterior border of the lateral malleolus, posterior to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone, in the depression inferior to the cuboid bone.
✵jinggu(BL64): point on the lateral side of the foot, below the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone, at the junction of the red and white skin.Jinggu locates on the lateral aspect of the foot, distal to the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone, at the border between the red and white flesh.
✵shugu(BL65): point on the lateral side of the foot, posterior to the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint, at the junction of the red and white skin.Shugu locates on the lateral aspect of the foot, in the depression proximal to the fifth metatarsophalngeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
✵zutonggu(BL66): point on the lateral side of the foot, anterior to the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint, at the junction of the red and white skin.Zutonggu locates on the little toe, in the depression distal and lateral to the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border between the red and white flesh.
✵zhiyin(BL67): point on the lateral side of the distal segment of the little toe,0.1 cun from the corner of the toenail.Zhiyin locates on the little toe, lateral to the distal phalanx, 0.1 F-cun proximal to the lateral corner of the toenail; at the intersection of the vertical line of the lateral side of the nail and the horizontal line of the base of the toenail.
✵The basic terms of points of bladder meridian are introduced:points of bladder meridian(BL), jingming(BL1), cuanzhu(BL2), meichong(BL3),qucha(BL4), wuchu(BL5), chengguang(BL6),tongtian(BL7), luoque(BL8), yuzhen(BL9),tianzhu(BL10), dazhu(BL11), fengmen(BL12),feishu(BL13), jueyinshu(BL14), xinshu(BL15),dushu(BL16), geshu(BL17), ganshu(BL18),danshu(BL19), pishu(BL20), weishu(BL21),sanjiaoshu(BL22), shenshu(BL23), qihaishu(BL24),dachangshu(BL25), guanyuanshu(BL26), xiaochangshu(BL27),pangguangshu(BL28), zhonglushu(BL29), baihuanshu(BL30),shangliao(BL31), ciliao(BL32), zhongliao(BL33),xialiao(BL34), huiyang(BL35), chengfu(BL36),yinmen(BL37), fuxi(BL38), weiyang(BL39),weizhong(BL40), fufen(BL41), pohu(BL42),gaohuang(BL43), shentang(BL44), yixi(BL45),geguan(BL46), hunmen(BL47), yanggang(BL48),yishe(BL49), weicang(BL50), huangmen(BL51),zhishi(BL52), baohuang(BL53), zhibian(BL54),heyang(BL55), chengjin(BL56), chengshan(BL57),feiyang(BL58), fuyang(BL59), kunlun(BL60),pucan(BL61), shenmai(BL62), jinmen(BL63),jinggu(BL64), shugu(BL65), zutonggu(BL66),zhiyin(BL67).With an introduction of the meridian points of kidney meridian.
The Basics: The basic terms of points of kidney meridian are introduced:points of kidney meridian(KI), yongquan(KI1), rangu(KI2), taixi(KI3),dazhong(KI4), shuiquan(KI5), zhaohai(KI6), fuliu(KI7),jiaoxin(KI8),zhubin(KI9), yingu(KI10), henggu(KI11),dahe(KI12),qixue(KI13), siman(KI14), zhongzhu(KI15),huangshu(KI16),shangqu(KI17), shiguan(KI18), yindu(KI19),futonggu(KI20),youmen(KI21), bulang(KI22), shenfeng(KI23),lingxu(KI24),shencang(KI25), yuzhong(KI26), shufu(KI27).
✵yongquan(KI1): point on the sole, in the depression at the junction of the anterior third and posterior two-thirds of the line connecting the base of the 2nd and 3rd toes and heel.Yongquan locates on the sole of the foot, in the deepest depression of the sole when the toes are flexed.
✵henggu(KI11): point on the lower abdomen, 5 cun below the center of the umbilicus and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Henggu locates on the lower abdomen, 5 B-cun inferior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵shangqu(KI17): point on the upper abdomen, 2 cun above the center of the umbilicus, and 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Shangqu locates on the upper abdomen, 2 B-cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
✵bulang(KI22): point on the chest, in the 5th intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.Bulang locates in the anterior thoracic region, in the fifth intercostal space, 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior median line.
The Basics: The basic terms of points of bladder meridian are introduced:points of bladder meridian(BL), jingming(BL1), cuanzhu(BL2), meichong(BL3),qucha(BL4), wuchu(BL5), chengguang(BL6),tongtian(BL7), luoque(BL8), yuzhen(BL9),tianzhu(BL10), dazhu(BL11), fengmen(BL12),feishu(BL13), jueyinshu(BL14), xinshu(BL15),dushu(BL16), geshu(BL17), ganshu(BL18),danshu(BL19), pishu(BL20), weishu(BL21),sanjiaoshu(BL22), shenshu(BL23), qihaishu(BL24),dachangshu(BL25), guanyuanshu(BL26), xiaochangshu(BL27),pangguangshu(BL28), zhonglushu(BL29), baihuanshu(BL30),shangliao(BL31), ciliao(BL32), zhongliao(BL33),xialiao(BL34), huiyang(BL35), chengfu(BL36),yinmen(BL37), fuxi(BL38), weiyang(BL39),weizhong(BL40), fufen(BL41), pohu(BL42),gaohuang(BL43), shentang(BL44), yixi(BL45),geguan(BL46), hunmen(BL47), yanggang(BL48),yishe(BL49), weicang(BL50), huangmen(BL51),zhishi(BL52), baohuang(BL53), zhibian(BL54),heyang(BL55), chengjin(BL56), chengshan(BL57),feiyang(BL58), fuyang(BL59), kunlun(BL60),pucan(BL61), shenmai(BL62), jinmen(BL63),jinggu(BL64), shugu(BL65), zutonggu(BL66),zhiyin(BL67).
✵jingming(BL1): a point on the face, in the depression slightly above the inner canthus.Jingming locates on the face, in the depression between the superomedial parts of the inner canthus of the eye and the medial wall of the orbit.
✵dazhu(BL11): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 1st thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Dazhu locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra(T1),1.5 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵chengfu(BL36): a point on the posterior side of the thigh, at the midpoint of the inferior gluteal crease.Chengfu locates in the buttock region, at the midpoint of the gluteal fold.
✵fufen(BL41): a point on the back, below the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.Fufen locates in the upper back region, at the same level as the inferior border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra(T2), 3 B-cun lateral to the posterior median line.
✵heyang(BL55): point on the posterior side of the leg and on the line connecting weizhong(BL40) and chengshan(BL57),2 cun below weizhong(BL40).Heyang locates on the posterior aspect of the leg, between the lateral head and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, 2 B-cun distal to BL40, on the line connecting BL40 with BL57.
