✵The article gives records of the herb other identified common species of Lingzhi mushroom, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these other identified common species of Lingzhi mushroom, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these fungus species, the features of these fungus species, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Other Identified Common Species of Lingzhi mushroom.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma boninense Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Long Narrow Spore Ganoderma", or "Xia Chang Bao LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile or stout, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) is slightly circular, 9.5 × 9 cm, the thickness is about 1.2 cm, the surface is dark purple, with a clear concentric ring pattern and radial wrinkles, with a paint-like luster; edge is obtuse; bacterium upper part is brown, the part close to the tube is deep brown, about 0.3 cm thick. Tube is brown, 0.8 cm long; hole surface is brown; nozzle is slightly circular, thick wall, 5 per mm (millimeter). Stipe is back, 0.8 cm long, roughly 3 cm.
Hull structure is intended irregular hymenium type, light brown to brown, the composition of hyphae is clavate, enlarged top, spindle-shaped or lobed, usually 4.5~6.7 μm wide, length 25~30 μm. Mycelial system is three body type: Mycoplasma transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 3-4 μm; skeleton hyphae is nearly colorless to light brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches or acicular, skeleton diameter is 3~4.5 (-5) μm, forming flagellum-shaped uncoiling mycelium at the end of the branch; entangled mycelia is colorless, thick-walled, diameter 1~2 μm. The basidiospores are narrowly oblong or slightly truncated at the top, double-walled, outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, the inner wall has no obvious spines, light brown, 9.2~12 × 5.7~7.9 μm.
Ecological environment: The Ganoderma boninense Pat., grows in mountains and woods. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Diaoyunshan in Hainan, Guangdong province of China.
(10).Ganoderma calidophilum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma calidophilum.J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Hot-Prefer Ganoderma", or "Xi Re LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky. Pileus (cap) is nearly circular, semicircular or nearly fan-shaped, sometimes irregular, 2~2.7 × 2.4~4.5 cm, thickness is 0.5~1.5 cm, the surface is red-brown or purple-brown, sometimes dark brown, with a paint-like luster, concentric ring ditch and ring pattern and longitudinal wrinkles; blunt or truncated edge; the fungus is divided into two layers, the upper layer is wood to light brown, the part near the tube is brown to dark brown, thickness is 0.1~0.3 cm; Tube length is 0.3~0.5 cm, brown; the hole is white or near white; orifice is nearly round, 4~6 per mm. Stipe is dorsal or abaxial, long 5~12 (-24) cm, thick 0.4~0.7 (~0.9) cm. Usually, it is purple-brown or purple-black, shiny, often ranging in thickness and more curved. The shell structure is a real layer of mullet, light brown, composed of mycelial tip dilated, the top width is 5~7.5 μm, length is 20~30 μm.
Mycelial system is three body type: Mycelium is transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 3~4.5 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches, the skeleton dry diameter is 3-4.5 μm, sometimes with one end thin-walled reproductive mycelium connected to the end of the formation of flagellum colorless winding filamentous branches, and sometimes some branches can form thin-walled reproductive hyphae; entangled mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, branched, diameter is 1.5-2 μm. Basidiospore is oval, the top of the multi-umbilical processes, a few is slightly cut-off, double-wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, light brown wall, no spines or small spines are unclear, 8.7-11.6 x 5.8-7.8 μm ( originally described as 10-12 (-13) x 6.2-8.7 μm ).
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma calidophilum.J.D.Zhao., grows in forest and mountain area. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Pucheng County, Sanming, and Shunchang, Huanggang Mountain of Jiangxi province, Longshan mountain of Hunan province, Wuzhishan, Ba Wangling, Jianfengling of Hainan province, Qiu Bei and Guangnan of Yunnan province, China.
(11).Ganoderma monglicum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma monglicum.Pilat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Neimeng Ganoderma", or "Neimeng Ling Zhi", or "Hebei Ling Zhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) pileus (cap) diameter is 5~10 cm, round or kidney-shaped, the skin of the shell matte, ocher, black, no ring pattern or unclear ring pattern, the edge is of the same color, wrinkled or small warts on the surface, shrink with dense dehiscence like scales; pedicel is lateral, proximal or lateral, 5~8 cm long, 2~3 cm thick, shin sheath glossy, purple to black; tube length is 5~10 mm, crisp, brown to stained brown, dry often mesh cracking; nozzle and tube are same color, the diameter is 0.15~0.3 mm, round or nearly angular; mycelium width is 1~6 μm, wall is thick; fungus thickness is 10~20 mm, woody, corky, quite crisp, slightly harder than Ganoderma lucidum; basidiospore is brown, obovate, base is nearly flattened or forming a colorless conical umbilical, with spines, 9-12 × 6.5-8 μm. This species has a close relationship in genetics with Ganoderma lucidum.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma monglicum.Pilat., grows in the forest and mountains. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Hebei of China.
(12).Ganoderma resinaceum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma resinaceum Boud., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Stalk-less Ganoderma", "Sessile Ganoderma", or "Wu Bing LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) is a semicircle or nearly fan-shaped, imbricate, the size of the smallest pileus (cap) is 9 × 10 cm, the largest pileus (cap) is up to 26 × 35 cm, the base thickness is 9 cm, the surface is red-brown to dark brown, and sometimes earthy brown and khaki-phase, the ring, like a paint-like luster, the base color is deep; edge is thin, pale. The upper layer of the fungus is light wood color, the part close to the tube is brown to cinnamon, the thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm, ring pattern; tube length is 0.5-0.8 cm, light brown to brown; the hole is light brown to brown; orifice is near round, 4-5 per mm, the wall is thicker. Shank or short and thick handle, about 4.5 cm, roughly 6 cm thick, shiny, dark brown.
The structure of the shell is a fake real layer type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium rods stick, the top of the swollen part is usually 6-7.5 μm wide and 20-25 mm long. Mycelium three-body: reproductive mycelium is transparent, thin-walled, the diameter is 3-4.5μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick to solid, dendritic or acicular, the skeleton in the diameter is 3-5μm, points the end of the formation of flagella colorless filamentous winding mycelium; mycelial is filamentous colorless, thick-walled, branched, diameter is 1-2 μm. Basidiospores are oval, the top of the multi-cut, double-wall, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, wall spines, light brown, sometimes with oil droplets, 7.3-11.8 × 5-8 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma resinaceum Boud., grows in the mountain and forest wild field area, and on old trees. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in China provinces Dongling Mountain in Hebei Province, Donglan in Guangxi province, Simao and YunjingHong in Yunnan Province. This species is distributed widely in Argentina, China, Cuba, Denmark, France, Germany, Honduras, Jamaica, Poland, USA (the United States of America), the United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, etc. This species tastes sweet and tasteless, light bitter, neutral in nature, No poison. Main functions to invigorate the lung and benefit the kidney, harmonize the stomach and replenish the spleen, tranquilize the mind and strengthen the wills, tonify the positive and solid the primordial, enhanced immunity, inhibit cancer, good for relieving ailments of stomach and intestines, liver, kidney, chronic bronchitis, strong essence, reduce inflammation, sedative, anti-bacterial, detoxifying, prompt diuresis and purify the blood, a natural regulator of the immune system with a long history.
(13).Ganoderma valesiacum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma valesiacum Boud., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Purple-light Ganoderma", or "Ziguang LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky. Pileus (cap) is semicircular, nearly round or shellfish, sometimes irregular, 5-7 × 4-11 cm, thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the surface is purple-brown to dark brown, with a paint-like luster, with edges and rings wrinkled and longitudinally wrinkled; edge is obtuse; the fungus is divided into two layers, the upper part is white, dark brown, thickness is 0.3-0.5 cm; the tube is brown to dark brown, about 0.7 cm; the hole is light brown to chestnut brown; tube opening is slightly round, thick wall, 4-5 per mm.
The shell structure is irregular to the real sub-layer type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium rods or irregular shape, the top of the enlarged part width is 4.5-7 μm, length is 18-25 μm. Easily separated from the fungus. Mycelium system three body type: reproductive mycelium is colorless, transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 3-5 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches, the skeleton dry diameter is 4-7 μm, branching the end of the formation of flagella colorless filamentous mycelium; filamentous mycelium is colorless, thick, branched, diameter is 1-2 μm. Basidiospores are oval, sometimes nearly oval, the top multi-cut, double-wall, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, small spines or spines on the inner wall is not clear, nearly colorless to light brown, 9.5-12.1 × 6.1- 6.9 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma valesiacum Boud., grows in mountain and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Sanming, Limushan of Hainan, China.
(14).Ganoderma ahmadii.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma ahmadii Steyaert., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Quasi-tropical Ganoderma", or "Ni Re Dai LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, stalked, woody. Pileus (cap) is nearly circular or nearly fan-shaped, 7-9.5 × 5-7.5 cm, thickness is 3-4 mm, purple-brown, slightly concave or near the center of the funnel-shaped, slightly wrinkled, dull or with a weak gloss; Entire edge, pale white to light brown, width is 3-5 mm, complete, following infertility; fungus with a light brown or dark brown meat, thick 2-3 mm; fungus tube is very short, not more than 1 mm long; White or dirty white, slightly rounded nozzle, 5-6 per mm. Petiole is nearly mesophyll or lateral, nearly cylindrical or slightly rounded, 4~10.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, single or connected to the base, with a strong paint-like luster.
Husk structure is irregular to the real sub-layer type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium rod-shaped, irregular arrangement, the top of the enlarged part is 5-7μm wide, length is 25-30μm. Mycelium three body type: Mycelium is colorless and transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 2.5-6 μm; mycelium microstrip is brown to light brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches, skeleton stem diameter is 3-5 μm, branches end of the formation of flagella is colorless filamentous entangled; entangled mycelium is colorless, thick, diameter is 1-2 μm. The basidiomycetes are oval, wide oval, double-wall, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, light brown inner wall, a small thorn. 7.5-10 × 5-6.3 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma ahmadii Steyaert., grows in mountains and forest.Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Lingao County, Haikou, Xinglong County, Jianfengling, Diaoluoshan of Hainan province, Kunming Hot Springs of Yunnan province, China.
(15).Ganoderma capense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma capense (Lloyd) D.A.Reid., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Thin-cover Ganoderma", or "Bo Gai LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, the burden of fruit, cork quality. Pileus (cap) is semicircular, shell-shaped or fan-shaped, 7.5-9 × 8-10 cm, thickness is 1 cm, the surface is purple-brown, sometimes the edge color is lighter, reddish-brown to brown-yellow, with a paint-like luster, with concentric rings and wrinkles fold; the edge is thin, complete, sometimes petal; the fungus is uniform rust-brown, the thickness is about 0.3 cm; tube is brown, about 0.6 cm; pore is stain white to rust brown, fresh wounds, the orifice is near round, 4-5 per mm.
The structure of the shell is a fake real layer type, composed of mycelium was stick-like, the top of the expansion, width is 3-6 μm, length is 10-20 μm. Mycelium three body type: reproductive mycelium is colorless and transparent, with diaphragms and often distorted. Diameter is 4-7 μm: Skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick to solid, and occasionally in the top dendritic branches, diameter is 5-6.7 μm, filamentous mycelium and skeletal mycelium are the same color, with branches are more curved, 1.7-3.3 μm. Basidiospores are oval, truncated at the top, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, the inner wall is pale yellow to light brown, small spines, and sometimes the central oil droplets, 8.8-11.3 × 6-7.5 (-9) μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma capense (Lloyd) D.A.Reid., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Diaoluoshan mountain, Hainan province, China.
(16).Ganoderma tropicum.
Pin Yin Name: Rè Dài Líng Zhī.
English Name: Tropical Ganoderma.
Latin Name: Ganoderma tropicum.
Property and flavor: neutral nature, tastes slightly bitter.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma tropicum (Jungh.)Bres., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Tropical Ganoderma", or "Re Dai LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) and pileus (cap) are kidney-shaped, semicircular has a trailing edge, and sometimes also round, diameter is 10-20 cm, thickness is 1-3 cm; the surface is reddish-brown to purple-brown, with a paint-like luster, rings or wrinkles; Thin and sharp, fresh yellowish-white or reddish-brown. The petiole is lateral, rare, oblique or upright, 5-10 cm long, thick rough, diameter is up to 4 cm, reddish-brown to jujube brown. Fresh white tube surface, pale brown when injury; orifice is oval to nearly angular, 4-5 per 1 mm; the tube is light brown, long 2-5 mm. The spore is melon-shaped, truncated, brown, spines on the inner wall of a small groove, (5-8) μm × (4-5.5) μm, with oil ball.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma tropicum (Jungh.)Bres., grows in tree stumps of Acacia, Acacia confusa, and dead roots. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other areas of China. It tastes light bitter, neutral. Functions nourishing, strong, anti-tumor effect. Indicated for coronary heart disease, cancer. Recommended dosage: internal as water decoction, 3-9 grams; or ground powder.
Growth characteristics: The Ganoderma tropicum grows on the stump or the dead root of the lebbeck tree, acacia rachii.
Characters of herbs: The pileus (cap) is renal-shaped or semicircular, 10~20 cm in diameter, about 3 mm thick. The surface is reddish-brown or purplish-brown, with lacquer like luster, with concentric rings or wrinkles, obtuse edges, undulate or shallow lobe cracks. The orifice surface is white or light brown, the orifice is oblong or polygonal, 4~5 per 1 mm. The stalk is multilateral, 5~10 cm long, up to 4 cm in diameter, reddish brown. Corky. The smell is light and the taste is light.
Medicinal efficacy: Nourishing or tonic properties, strong, antineoplastic (anti-tumor), etc. It is indicated for coronary disease (coronary heart disease), tumor (neoplastic disease), etc.
Administration of Ganoderma tropicum (Rè Dài Líng Zhī):
Reference:
Administration Guide of Ganoderma tropicum (Rè Dài Líng Zhī)
TCM Books:
Internally:water decoction, 3~9 grams; or prepare to finely ground herb powder, take after mixing it with water, wine,etc.
(17).Ganoderma duropora.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma duropora Lloyd., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Hard-hole Ganoderma", or "Ying Kong LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) context is dark brown, up to 1.5 cm; tube is dark brown, up to 0.5 cm; the hole is purple-brown; the orifice is slightly circular tube wall thickness, 5-6 per mm. Pesticide in health, cylindrical, and the pileus (cap) are with the same color, with a strong paint-like luster, length 17 cm, width 1.5-2 cm.
The shell structure is more regular fleshy real layer type, nearly colorless to light brown, composed of mycelium rod sticks, the top of the expansion or slightly truncated, usually 4.5-7 μm wide and 20-30 μm long, some composition of mycelium is shorter. Mycelium system three body type: mycelium transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 3-4 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches, the skeleton in the diameter is 3-4.5 μm, branching the end of the formation of flagella shapes colorless filamentous mycelium; filamentous mycelium is colorless, thick, branched, the diameter is 1.5-2 μm. Basidiospores are oval or broadly oval, top with umbilical protrusions, double-wall, outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, yellowish-brown wall, with small thorns, 10.5-12 × 6.5-7.5 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma duropora Lloyd., grows in the mountain and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Pingyun County of Guangdong Province, Jianfengling of Hainan Province, Rong' an county and Baise of Guangxi Province, Libo, Xingren, and Shiqian county of Guizhou Province, China.
(18).Ganoderma applanatum.
Pin Yin Name: Shù Shé Líng Zhī.
English Name: Tree-tongue Ganoderma, or Artist's Conk
Latin Name: Ganoderma applanatum.
Property and flavor: neutral nature, tastes light or tasteless.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma applanatum(pers ex Gray) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is also known as Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.ex Wallr) Pat. It is commonly known as "Tree-tongue Ganoderma", or "Shu She LingZhi", "Tree-tongue flat Ganoderma", "Lao Mu Jun", "Maple-Tree Ganoderma", "Ping Gai Ling Zhi", other common names are "Chi Se Lao Mu Jun","Bian Zhi","Lao Mu Jun","Li Jun","Feng Shu Zhi(Maple-Tree Ganoderma)","Bai Ban Fu Jun","Lao Niu Gan","Lao Niu Gan","Mu Lingzhi, Shu Erduo",etc. sporocarp(fruiting body) large or extra-large. Sessile or almost sessile. Pileus (cap) is semi-circular, flat half-spherical or flat, the base is often extended, width is 5-35 × 10-50 cm, 1-12 cm thick, the surface is gray, brown gradient, there are concentric rings edge, sometimes tumor, skin glue horny, thin edge. Fleshlight is chestnut color, sometimes dark brown after near the shell office, fungus hole is round, 4-5 per millimeter.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma applanatum(pers ex Gray) Pat., grows in mountain and forest, woods, on poplar, birch, willow, oak, and other hardwood trees, on the inverted wood and stump, is one of the important wood-rotting fungi, will lead to the formation of white wood xylem decay. In Chinese folk medicine, it is used for anti-cancer, for rheumatoid pulmonary tuberculosis, it functions to relieve pain, clearing heat, eliminating accumulations and stagnation, hemostasis, transform phlegm effect. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in 27 provinces from north to north-west, south-west, to south and south-east of China. This species is widely distributed in many areas of the earth.
Growth characteristics: The Ganoderma applanatum grows on the trunk of various kinds of broadleaf trees.
Characters of herbs: The fruiting body is sessile. The pileus (cap) is semicircular, flat, or hemispherical in profile (section), 10~50 cm in long diameter, 5~35 cm in short diameter, and about 15 cm in thickness. The surface is gray or brown, with concentric bands and tumors of different sizes. The skin shell is crisp, the edge is thin, and round blunt. The surface of the pipe orifice is dirty yellow or dark brown, and the nozzle or pipe orifice is round, 4~6 for each 1 mm. In the longitudinal section, one to several layers of fungus tubes is visible. Woody or corky. The smell is light and the taste is light.
Medicinal efficacy: Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It is indicated for sphagitis (pharyngolaryngitis, sore throats), esophageal cancer (esophageal carcinoma), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, etc.
Administration of Ganoderma applanatum (Shu She LingZhi):
Reference:
Administration Guide of Ganoderma applanatum (Shu She LingZhi)
TCM Books:
Internally:water decoction, 10~30 grams.
(19).Ganoderma gibbosum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma gibbosum (Nees) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Petiolate Ganoderma", or "Ganoderma petiolate", or "You Bing Ling Zhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) with handle, cork to wood. Cover a semicircle or fan-shaped, 4-10 × 5-9 cm, thickness up to 2 cm, the upper surface of the rust-brown, yellowish-brown or yellowish, with a more dense concentric ring, the skin is thin, sometimes with your fingers can be crushed, sometimes cracked, matte; the edge of dull, intact; dark brown or dark brown fungus, the thickness is 0.5-1 cm; the tube is dark brown, 0.5-1 cm long; dirty white or brown hole surface; Pipe orifice is nearly round, 4-5 per millimeter. The pedicel is short and thick, lateral, long 4-8 cm, thick 1-3 cm, the base of the thicker, with the same pileus (cap).
Casing structure by the transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and thick, brown skeleton mycelial glue together, and not easy to separate between the mycelium, the former is pale brown after the old, branched, and some apical dilated near-spherical, diameter is 4.5-6 μm, the latter branches, the diameter is 4-7.5 μm, the total height is 80-100 μm. Similar interwoven skin type. And Ganoderma gibbosum husk different point for the surface is not the transparent mycelium. Mycelium three body type: Mycoplasma is transparent or slightly yellowish, thin-walled, with a diaphragm, diameter is 2-4 μm; skeleton mycelium is reddish-brown, thick to solid, with a tree branch or acicular, skeleton dry diameter is 2-3 μm, branched ends of the formation of flagella colorless spiral mycelium; mycelial is filamentous colorless to slightly brown, thick, branched, diameter is 1-2 μm. Basidiospores are oval, sometimes top truncation, double-wall, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, small spines wall, light brown, 6.9-8.7 × 5-5.2 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma gibbosum (Nees) Pat., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Lingwushan of Hebei, Haerbing of Heilongjiang, Nanjing of Jiangsu, Lingyinsi Hangzhou of Zhejiang, Shennongjia mountains of Hubei, Huananrezuosuo and Bawangling Yajialinchang, Fushan of Hainan, Guangxi Province, Chuxiong of Yunnan, China.
(20).Ganoderma lobatum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma lobatum (Schw.) Atk., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Layering Ganoderma", or "Ceng Die LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) pileus (cap) is slightly rounded, slightly flat, 14-17 × 9-13.5 cm, pileus (cap) size is 4 × 3.5 cm, 0.5-2.5 cm thick, the surface is gray to light brown, sometimes rust brown, with concentric rings, no paint-like gloss; blunt edge, complete. The fungus is brown to chestnut brown, up to 1 cm, a black chitin layer; monolayer, long 1-2 cm, dark brown to chestnut brown. The pore surface is pale yellow, slightly brown, and dirty white to dirty gray; orifice is slightly round, 4-5 per mm. Crusts are hard, similar to the type of interwoven shell type, from transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and thick, brown skeleton mycelium, mycelium intertwined with each other is not easy to separate the former hyphae sharp or obtuse, the diameter is 6-7.5 μm, the latter hyphae branch, diameter 5-7 μm. Hirschsprotic colonies reproductive hyphae, miscellaneous skeleton mycelium, the total thickness is 60-80 μm.
Mycelium three body type: reproductive mycelium is colorless, thin-walled, branched, diameter is 4-5.5μm; skeleton mycelium is brown to light brown, thick to solid, with a tree branch or acicular, skeleton diameter is 3-5 μm, the end of the formation of flagellar entangled mycelium; entangled mycelium is light brown, thick-walled, often branched, diameter 1-2 μm. Basidiospores are broadly elliptic to ovoid, sometimes apically truncated, double-wall, outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, inner wall is brown with spines, 7-9 (-10) × 4.5-6.8 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma lobatum (Schw.) Atk., grows in the mountain and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Miaofeng Mountain, Dongling of Hebei, Pixian county of Anhui, Diaoluoshan, Haikou, Bawangling, Xinglong, Wanning County of Hainan, Xishuangbanna of Yunnan, China.
Other Species of Lingzhi mushroom.
There are about 250 kinds of Fungus of the Ganoderma genus, in China, there are almost 98~100 species of fungus found to belong to the 4 Ganoderma genera, and Ganodermataceae family, they grow and spread from south to north.
The herbal values of the Ganoderma fungus are recorded in herbal classics, and there are three species among the Ganoderma genus that are suggested by official herbal classics with values for the therapeutical purpose, they are known as the species: (1). Ganoderma lucidum, it is also known as LingZhi (Línɡ Zhī) or Chi Zhi (Chì Zhī), literally, Chì Zhī means "Red Lingzhi Mushroom", (2). Ganoderma sinense, also known as Zǐ Zhī, literally Zǐ Zhī means "Purple Lingzhi Mushroom", and (3). Ganoderma tsugae, also known as Sōng Zhī, literally Sōng Zhī means "Pine Tree Lingzhi Mushroom".These 3 commonly used species are introduced at:Introduction of Ling Zhi:Lucid Ganoderma or Ganoderma Lucidium.
Other Cultivated Species of Lingzhi mushroom:Except for the species which defined and recommended by Common herbal classics,(1).Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.,or (2).Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. There are several other species of Ganoderma cultivated in China nowadays, they are known including species:(3).Ganoderma tsugae, (4).Ganoderma hainanense, (5).Ganoderma multiplicatum, (6).Ganoderma tenue, (7).Ganoderma atrum., (8).Ganoderma shandongense. These commonly cultivated species are introduced at:Lingzhi mushroom:Other Cultivated Species.
Other Identified Special Species of Lingzhi mushroom:Except for the species which defined by Common herbal classics, and those cultivated species of Ganoderma, and other identified wild species of the Lingzhi Mushrooms commonly species. There are other identified special species not commonly used. These special wild species are introduced as:(21).Ganoderma curtisii.(22).Ganoderma daiqingshanense,(23).Ganoderma flexipes,(24).Ganoderma kunmingense,(25).Ganoderma ramosissimum,(26).Ganoderma rotundatum,(27).Ganoderma sichuanense,(28).Ganoderma submubraculum,(29).Ganoderma theaecolum,(30).Ganoderma amboineuse,(31).Ganoderma austro fujianense,(32).Ganoderma cochlear,(33).Ganoderma crebrostriatum,(34).Ganoderma dahlia,(35).Ganoderma fornicatum,(36).Ganoderma fulvellum,(37).Ganoderma guinanense,(38).Ganoderma luteomarginatum,(39).Ganoderma magniporum,(40).Ganoderma mastoporum,(41).Ganoderma mediosinense,(42).Ganoderma mirivelutinum,(43).Ganoderma ochrolaccatum,(44).Ganoderma parviungulatum,(45).Ganoderma simaoense,(46).Ganoderma tibetanum,(47).Ganoderma chenghaiense,(48).Ganoderma tsunodae,(49).Ganoderma formosanum,(50).Ganoderma multplea,(51).Ganoderma australe,(52).Ganoderma sanmingense,(53).Ganoderma annulate,(54).Ganoderma bawanglingense,(55).Ganoderma brownie,(56).Ganoderma aensiionatum,(57).Ganoderma diaoluoshanense,(58).Ganoderma limushanense,(59).Ganoderma meijjaganse,(60).Ganoderma philipii,(61).Ganoderma shangsiense,(62).Ganoderma trianglatum,(63).Ganoderma nugntum,(64).Ganoderma koningsbergii.These special wild species are introduced at:Lingzhi mushroom:Other Identified Special Species.
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References:
1.Introduction of Ling Zhi:Lucid Ganoderma or Ganoderma Lucidium.
2.Lingzhi mushroom:Other Identified Common Species.
✵The article gives records of the herb other identified common species of Lingzhi mushroom, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these other identified common species of Lingzhi mushroom, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these fungus species, the features of these fungus species, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma boninense Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Long Narrow Spore Ganoderma", or "Xia Chang Bao LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile or stout, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) is slightly circular, 9.5 × 9 cm, the thickness is about 1.2 cm, the surface is dark purple, with a clear concentric ring pattern and radial wrinkles, with a paint-like luster; edge is obtuse; bacterium upper part is brown, the part close to the tube is deep brown, about 0.3 cm thick. Tube is brown, 0.8 cm long; hole surface is brown; nozzle is slightly circular, thick wall, 5 per mm (millimeter). Stipe is back, 0.8 cm long, roughly 3 cm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma calidophilum.J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Hot-Prefer Ganoderma", or "Xi Re LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky. Pileus (cap) is nearly circular, semicircular or nearly fan-shaped, sometimes irregular, 2~2.7 × 2.4~4.5 cm, thickness is 0.5~1.5 cm, the surface is red-brown or purple-brown, sometimes dark brown, with a paint-like luster, concentric ring ditch and ring pattern and longitudinal wrinkles; blunt or truncated edge; the fungus is divided into two layers, the upper layer is wood to light brown, the part near the tube is brown to dark brown, thickness is 0.1~0.3 cm; Tube length is 0.3~0.5 cm, brown; the hole is white or near white; orifice is nearly round, 4~6 per mm. Stipe is dorsal or abaxial, long 5~12 (-24) cm, thick 0.4~0.7 (~0.9) cm. Usually, it is purple-brown or purple-black, shiny, often ranging in thickness and more curved. The shell structure is a real layer of mullet, light brown, composed of mycelial tip dilated, the top width is 5~7.5 μm, length is 20~30 μm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma monglicum.Pilat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Neimeng Ganoderma", or "Neimeng Ling Zhi", or "Hebei Ling Zhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) pileus (cap) diameter is 5~10 cm, round or kidney-shaped, the skin of the shell matte, ocher, black, no ring pattern or unclear ring pattern, the edge is of the same color, wrinkled or small warts on the surface, shrink with dense dehiscence like scales; pedicel is lateral, proximal or lateral, 5~8 cm long, 2~3 cm thick, shin sheath glossy, purple to black; tube length is 5~10 mm, crisp, brown to stained brown, dry often mesh cracking; nozzle and tube are same color, the diameter is 0.15~0.3 mm, round or nearly angular; mycelium width is 1~6 μm, wall is thick; fungus thickness is 10~20 mm, woody, corky, quite crisp, slightly harder than Ganoderma lucidum; basidiospore is brown, obovate, base is nearly flattened or forming a colorless conical umbilical, with spines, 9-12 × 6.5-8 μm. This species has a close relationship in genetics with Ganoderma lucidum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma resinaceum Boud., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Stalk-less Ganoderma", "Sessile Ganoderma", or "Wu Bing LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) is a semicircle or nearly fan-shaped, imbricate, the size of the smallest pileus (cap) is 9 × 10 cm, the largest pileus (cap) is up to 26 × 35 cm, the base thickness is 9 cm, the surface is red-brown to dark brown, and sometimes earthy brown and khaki-phase, the ring, like a paint-like luster, the base color is deep; edge is thin, pale. The upper layer of the fungus is light wood color, the part close to the tube is brown to cinnamon, the thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm, ring pattern; tube length is 0.5-0.8 cm, light brown to brown; the hole is light brown to brown; orifice is near round, 4-5 per mm, the wall is thicker. Shank or short and thick handle, about 4.5 cm, roughly 6 cm thick, shiny, dark brown.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma valesiacum Boud., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Purple-light Ganoderma", or "Ziguang LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky. Pileus (cap) is semicircular, nearly round or shellfish, sometimes irregular, 5-7 × 4-11 cm, thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the surface is purple-brown to dark brown, with a paint-like luster, with edges and rings wrinkled and longitudinally wrinkled; edge is obtuse; the fungus is divided into two layers, the upper part is white, dark brown, thickness is 0.3-0.5 cm; the tube is brown to dark brown, about 0.7 cm; the hole is light brown to chestnut brown; tube opening is slightly round, thick wall, 4-5 per mm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma valesiacum Boud., grows in mountain and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Sanming, Limushan of Hainan, China.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma ahmadii Steyaert., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Quasi-tropical Ganoderma", or "Ni Re Dai LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, stalked, woody. Pileus (cap) is nearly circular or nearly fan-shaped, 7-9.5 × 5-7.5 cm, thickness is 3-4 mm, purple-brown, slightly concave or near the center of the funnel-shaped, slightly wrinkled, dull or with a weak gloss; Entire edge, pale white to light brown, width is 3-5 mm, complete, following infertility; fungus with a light brown or dark brown meat, thick 2-3 mm; fungus tube is very short, not more than 1 mm long; White or dirty white, slightly rounded nozzle, 5-6 per mm. Petiole is nearly mesophyll or lateral, nearly cylindrical or slightly rounded, 4~10.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, single or connected to the base, with a strong paint-like luster.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma ahmadii Steyaert., grows in mountains and forest.Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Lingao County, Haikou, Xinglong County, Jianfengling, Diaoluoshan of Hainan province, Kunming Hot Springs of Yunnan province, China.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma capense (Lloyd) D.A.Reid., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Thin-cover Ganoderma", or "Bo Gai LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, the burden of fruit, cork quality. Pileus (cap) is semicircular, shell-shaped or fan-shaped, 7.5-9 × 8-10 cm, thickness is 1 cm, the surface is purple-brown, sometimes the edge color is lighter, reddish-brown to brown-yellow, with a paint-like luster, with concentric rings and wrinkles fold; the edge is thin, complete, sometimes petal; the fungus is uniform rust-brown, the thickness is about 0.3 cm; tube is brown, about 0.6 cm; pore is stain white to rust brown, fresh wounds, the orifice is near round, 4-5 per mm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma capense (Lloyd) D.A.Reid., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Diaoluoshan mountain, Hainan province, China.
Pin Yin Name: Rè Dài Líng Zhī.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma tropicum (Jungh.)Bres., grows in tree stumps of Acacia, Acacia confusa, and dead roots. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other areas of China. It tastes light bitter, neutral. Functions nourishing, strong, anti-tumor effect. Indicated for coronary heart disease, cancer. Recommended dosage: internal as water decoction, 3-9 grams; or ground powder.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma duropora Lloyd., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Hard-hole Ganoderma", or "Ying Kong LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) context is dark brown, up to 1.5 cm; tube is dark brown, up to 0.5 cm; the hole is purple-brown; the orifice is slightly circular tube wall thickness, 5-6 per mm. Pesticide in health, cylindrical, and the pileus (cap) are with the same color, with a strong paint-like luster, length 17 cm, width 1.5-2 cm.
The shell structure is more regular fleshy real layer type, nearly colorless to light brown, composed of mycelium rod sticks, the top of the expansion or slightly truncated, usually 4.5-7 μm wide and 20-30 μm long, some composition of mycelium is shorter. Mycelium system three body type: mycelium transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 3-4 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches, the skeleton in the diameter is 3-4.5 μm, branching the end of the formation of flagella shapes colorless filamentous mycelium; filamentous mycelium is colorless, thick, branched, the diameter is 1.5-2 μm. Basidiospores are oval or broadly oval, top with umbilical protrusions, double-wall, outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, yellowish-brown wall, with small thorns, 10.5-12 × 6.5-7.5 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma duropora Lloyd., grows in the mountain and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Pingyun County of Guangdong Province, Jianfengling of Hainan Province, Rong' an county and Baise of Guangxi Province, Libo, Xingren, and Shiqian county of Guizhou Province, China.
Pin Yin Name: Shù Shé Líng Zhī.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma applanatum(pers ex Gray) Pat., grows in mountain and forest, woods, on poplar, birch, willow, oak, and other hardwood trees, on the inverted wood and stump, is one of the important wood-rotting fungi, will lead to the formation of white wood xylem decay. In Chinese folk medicine, it is used for anti-cancer, for rheumatoid pulmonary tuberculosis, it functions to relieve pain, clearing heat, eliminating accumulations and stagnation, hemostasis, transform phlegm effect. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in 27 provinces from north to north-west, south-west, to south and south-east of China. This species is widely distributed in many areas of the earth.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma gibbosum (Nees) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Petiolate Ganoderma", or "Ganoderma petiolate", or "You Bing Ling Zhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) with handle, cork to wood. Cover a semicircle or fan-shaped, 4-10 × 5-9 cm, thickness up to 2 cm, the upper surface of the rust-brown, yellowish-brown or yellowish, with a more dense concentric ring, the skin is thin, sometimes with your fingers can be crushed, sometimes cracked, matte; the edge of dull, intact; dark brown or dark brown fungus, the thickness is 0.5-1 cm; the tube is dark brown, 0.5-1 cm long; dirty white or brown hole surface; Pipe orifice is nearly round, 4-5 per millimeter. The pedicel is short and thick, lateral, long 4-8 cm, thick 1-3 cm, the base of the thicker, with the same pileus (cap).
Botanical description: The Ganoderma lobatum (Schw.) Atk., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Layering Ganoderma", or "Ceng Die LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) pileus (cap) is slightly rounded, slightly flat, 14-17 × 9-13.5 cm, pileus (cap) size is 4 × 3.5 cm, 0.5-2.5 cm thick, the surface is gray to light brown, sometimes rust brown, with concentric rings, no paint-like gloss; blunt edge, complete. The fungus is brown to chestnut brown, up to 1 cm, a black chitin layer; monolayer, long 1-2 cm, dark brown to chestnut brown. The pore surface is pale yellow, slightly brown, and dirty white to dirty gray; orifice is slightly round, 4-5 per mm. Crusts are hard, similar to the type of interwoven shell type, from transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and thick, brown skeleton mycelium, mycelium intertwined with each other is not easy to separate the former hyphae sharp or obtuse, the diameter is 6-7.5 μm, the latter hyphae branch, diameter 5-7 μm. Hirschsprotic colonies reproductive hyphae, miscellaneous skeleton mycelium, the total thickness is 60-80 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma lobatum (Schw.) Atk., grows in the mountain and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Miaofeng Mountain, Dongling of Hebei, Pixian county of Anhui, Diaoluoshan, Haikou, Bawangling, Xinglong, Wanning County of Hainan, Xishuangbanna of Yunnan, China.
The herbal values of the Ganoderma fungus are recorded in herbal classics, and there are three species among the Ganoderma genus that are suggested by official herbal classics with values for the therapeutical purpose, they are known as the species: (1). Ganoderma lucidum, it is also known as LingZhi (Línɡ Zhī) or Chi Zhi (Chì Zhī), literally, Chì Zhī means "Red Lingzhi Mushroom", (2). Ganoderma sinense, also known as Zǐ Zhī, literally Zǐ Zhī means "Purple Lingzhi Mushroom", and (3). Ganoderma tsugae, also known as Sōng Zhī, literally Sōng Zhī means "Pine Tree Lingzhi Mushroom".These 3 commonly used species are introduced at:Introduction of Ling Zhi:Lucid Ganoderma or Ganoderma Lucidium.
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