Lingzhi mushroom:Other Identified Special Species.
✵The article gives records of the herb other identified special species of Lingzhi mushroom, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these other identified special species of Lingzhi mushroom, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these fungus species, the features of these fungus species, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Other Identified Special Species of Lingzhi mushroom.
Botanical description: Ganoderma curtisii (Berk.) Murrill, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma curtisii, Weak-Lustre Ganoderma, or Ruo Guang Ze LingZhi, basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is reniform, semicircle (semicircular), fan-shaped, mytiliform to irregular shape, size is 3.5-17 × 3-25 cm, 1-2.5 cm thick, the surface is yellowish brown, dirty russet (dirty reddish-brown), dirty puce (purple brown), has inconspicuous ring pattern, vertical wrinkles are conspicuous, with weak lacquer-like luster, smooth or uneven (sags and crests), sometimes is covered with brown spore powder; edge is blunt or slightly truncated, the lower border has wider infertile band; the upper layer of context is wood color, the part near to fungus tube is pale brown to brown, 0.2-1.3 cm thick, firm and hard, has black chitinous layer (shell layer); the fungus tube is 0.3-1 cm long, pale brown; the tube surface is dirty white to dirty yellow or pale brown; the tube orifice is orbicular, 4-6 per mm. The prosthecae is lateral, subcylindrical (nearly cylindrical), mostly are curved, 2-19 cm long, 0.4-1.3 cm in diameter, sometimes is flat, width is up to 1.8 cm when it is flat, prunus (violet red) to puce (purple brown), has lacquer-like luster.
The husk structure is a typical sporiferous layer type, pale brown to brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged tip is usually 6-7.5 μm wide, length is 20-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), has septa, 3.5-5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are pale brown or subdiaphanous (nearly colorless), pachypleurous (thick wall) to solid, arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-5.5 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the tip of branches, binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1.0-2.0 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped) or truncated at the tip, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is pale brown to brown, has spinules, sometimes spinules are inconspicuous, 8.5-11.3 × 5.2-7 (-7.5) μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma tsugae Murr., grows in decaying stumps and roots of hardwoods, in mountains and forest. This species is distributed in Neiqiu, Lishui of Hebei, Guangfeng of Jiangxi, Hunan, Bawangling of Hainan, Muli of Sichuan, Dehong of Yunnan provinces, China. This species is also distributed in the Southeastern areas of USA (the United States of America).
(22).Ganoderma daiqingshanense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma daiqingshanense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma daiqingshanense, or Daqingshan LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is a semicircle or fan-shaped, 13-15 × 21-26 cm, thickness is 1-1.5 cm, the base is up to 5 cm thick, the surface is russet (reddish-brown), brown, black brown to nearly black, has a lacquer-like luster, with concentric rings ridge, ridge height is about 1 cm, width is 1-1.5 cm, has galls, and indistinct radial longitudinal wrinkles, not flat; the edge is flat and pure; the context is in two layers, the upper layer is wood color, the lower layer is brown, thickness is 0.4~0.5 cm; the fungus tube is about 1 cm long. The tube surface is brown, turns fawn color (flavotestaceous) toward the edge; the tube orifice is subrotund (orbicular), 4-5 per mm.
The husk structure is irregular type, compositive hyphae have no certain arrangement directions, differ in diameter, usually 3-6 μm in diameter, length is 20-25 μm, hazel (pale brown) to brown.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 3-4 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are pale brown to brown, pachypleurous (thick wall) to solid, arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 4-5 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the tip of branches, binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), 1.5-2.0 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped), sometimes is truncated at the tip, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is pale brown, has spinules, 7.5-9 × 4.5-6 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma daiqingshanense J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. This species is mainly distributed in Shangsi Shiwan Mountain, Longjin Daqingshan of Guangxi, China.
(23).Ganoderma flexipes.
Botanical description: Ganoderma flexipes Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma flexipes, Curved-stalk Ganoderma, or Wanbing LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is spatulate or orbicular, 0.6-1.6 × 0.5-1.5 cm, thickness is 0.5-1.3 cm, the surface is russet (reddish-brown), has conspicuous concentric ring grooves, and a lacquer-like luster; the edge is blunt or truncated; the context is dark wood color to pale brown, lay separation is unclear, and sometimes the upper layer is of lighter colour, the lower layer is darker color, thickness is 0.1-0.2 cm; the fungus tube is brown, 0.3-0.5 cm long; the pore surface is dirty white to brownish; tube orifice is orbicular, 4-5 per millimeter. The prosthecae is dorsal or dorsiferous, 3-11.5 cm long, thickness is 0.2-0.5 cm, glossy, puce (purple-brown) or atropurpureus (purple-black).
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is usually 6-7.5 μm, length is 20-30 μm, pale brown.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), ramificate, 4-5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are fawn colour (flavotestaceous), pachypleurous (thick wall) to solid, arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-4 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1.0-2.0 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped), broad-ovate, or truncated at the tip, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is pale brown to nearly colorless, spinules are indistinct, or it has no spinules, 7.5-10.5 × 6.5-7.5 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma flexipes Pat., grows in mountains and forest. This species is mainly distributed in Bawangling, Haikou, Xichou county Xiaoqiaogou of Yunnan, China.
(24).Ganoderma kunmingense.
Botanical description: Ganoderma kunmingense J. D. Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma kunmingense, Kunming Ganoderma, or Kunming LingZhi. The encarpium (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is semicircular or nearly spoon-shaped, 1-2.5 × 1-3.5 cm, thickness is 0.7-1.7 cm, the surface is russet (reddish-brown), sometimes is puce (purple-brown), with a lacquer-like luster; sometimes the margin is fawn colour (flavotestaceous), blunt or truncated; the context is hazel (pale brown) or wood color, thickness is 0.2-0.8 cm; the fungus tube is light brown, 0.5-1 cm long. The pore surface is dirty tawny (dirty yellow-brown) to light brown, tube orifice is orbicular (nearly circular), 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is dorsiferous or lateral, long and varies in thickness, torose (nearly bead-like), russet to black brown, glossy, length is 3-4.2 cm, thickness is 0.3-2 cm.
The husk structure is sporiferous layer type, fawn colour (flavotestaceous), compositive hyphae are clavate, the tip is enlarged, width is 4.5-7.5 μm, length is 15-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), sometimes is ramificate, 2-5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are fawn colour (flavotestaceous), pachypleurous (thick-walled), has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-6 μm in dry diameter, one end connect with generative hypha, another branch also compose leptodermous (thin-walled) generative hypha; binding hypha is colorless, nontransparent, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1.0-3.0 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped), double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, the inner wall is primrose yellow (pale yellow) to fawn colour (flavotestaceous), has spinules, 8.3-9.8 (-10.6) × 5.8-6.8 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma kunmingense J. D. Zhao., grows in mountains and forest, on underground rotten trunks or rotten roots in the broad-leaved forests. This species is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and other southwest areas of China.
(25).Ganoderma ramosissimum..
Botanical description: The Ganoderma ramosissimum J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Multi-branched Ganoderma, or Duo Fen Zhi LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual or perennial, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is fan-shaped or in irregular shapes, sometimes several pilei (caps) are connected, 3-3.5 × 1-3 cm, thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the surface is light brown, brown or puce (purple-brown), smooth, with a lacquer-like luster, concentric annules are inconspicuous; edge is fawn colour (flavotestaceous), blunt, lower edge is sterile; the context is whitish to wood color or slightly brownish, not turns to black when it meets KOH aqueous solution; the fungus tube is 2-4 mm long. The pore surface is hazel (pale brown) or fuscid (dirty brown); the tube orifice is slightly circular, 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is pleurogenous (grows laterally), has a strong lacquer-like luster, length is up to 19 cm, and generally the thickness is 0.5-1 cm, slightly flattened at the part toward the upper part, dichotomously branched (bifurcation), trifurcation or irregularly ramificate, uneven width is uneven, and sometimes the thickness is up to 2 cm, often has infertile branches, the tip of the branches have a pileus (cap) or has no pileus.
The husk structure is typical sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown), compositive hyphae are clavate, the tip is enlarged or nearly not enlarged, usually width is 5-7 μm, length is 20-25 μm, sometimes is shorter.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 2-3 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are colorless to slightly brownish, pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-4.5 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1.5-2.0 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are elliptic or broadly elliptical, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall has spinules, sometimes spinules are indistinct, hazel (pale brown), 9-11 × 5.3-6.0 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma ramosissimum J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. This species is mainly distributed in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China.
(26).Ganoderma rotundatum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma rotundatum J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Big-Round Shape Ganoderma, or Da Yuan LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is sessile, suberinite to ligneous. Imbricate, base compose a circle around the substrate (substratum), loosely attached to the substrate, the diameter reaches 43 cm, the thickest part of the base reaches 7 cm; the pileus (cap) is slightly round or nearly fan-shaped, width is 17-21 (-43) cm, thickness is 1.5-3 (-7) cm, the surface is dull puce (dull purple brown) or dirty russet (reddish-brown), slightly has a lacquer-like luster, has conspicuous concentric ring grooves and ring zone, smooth, edge is blunt, entire or slightly wavy (slightly undulate). The context is up to 2.5 cm thick, form two distinct layers, the upper layer is whitish to wood color, the lower layer is hazel (pale brown) to brown; the fungus tube is up to 2.5 cm long, unstratified (not layered), fuscid (stain brown) to brown or cinnamomeous; the pore surface is dirty white to hazel (pale brown); the tube orifice is slightly circular, 4-5 per mm.
The husk structure is composed of irregularly parallel arrangement of hyphae or interwoven hyphae, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are 25-30 μm long, the tip is not enlarged, sometimes slightly pointed or blunt, usually width is 1.5-3 μm, some compositive hyphae has septum or torose (nearly bead-like), the ends are not in the same horizontal line.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent or colorless, leptodermous (thin wall), ramificate, 3-4 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are nearly colorless to slightly brownish, pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-5 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1.0-2.0 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped) or truncated at the tip, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall has spinules, or spinules are indistinct, nearly colorless to hazel (pale brown), 7-12 × 5-7 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma rotundatum J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Yajia forest, Bawangling of Hainan provinces, China.
(27).Ganoderma sichuanense.
Botanical description: Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Sichuan Ganoderma, or Sichuan LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is nearly fan-shaped or semicircle (semicircular), the base is attenuate and form a stalk base, 10 × 19 cm, thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the surface is puce (purple brown), dark brown, stained chestnut-brown to light reddish brown, slightly glossy, sags and crests, has conspicuous vertical wrinkles, compose big rumples, verrucules and galls; irregular edges, blunt, sometimes overlapping; the context is obvious in stratification, the upper layer is whitish or wood color, the part near the fungus tube is often pale brown or nearly brown, 1.2-2 mm long; fungus tube is 5-18 mm long, hazel (pale brown) to brown. The pore surface is the same color as fungus tube or darker; the tube orifice is complete, 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is lateral, 1-2 cm in diameter, length is 3-10 cm, pitch black or puce (purple brown), with a strong lacquer-like luster.
The husk structure is typical sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the tip is enlarged or fusiform (spindle-shaped), usually the width is 6-7 μm, length is 25-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 4-5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are nearly colorless to flavotestaceous (fawn color), pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 4-5 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1.0-1.6 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped) or long oval, sometimes the apical end is truncated, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is flavotestaceous (fawn color) to sandy beige(light brown), and has spinules, 7.4-9.5 × 5-7 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang., grows in mountains and forest. This species is mainly distributed in Bawangling of Hainan province, Dukou of Sichuan province, Ceheng and Jianhe of Guizhou province, China.
(28).Ganoderma submubraculum.
Botanical description: Ganoderma submubraculum Imazeki., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma submubraculum, Umbrella-shaped Ganoderma, or Sanzhuang LingZhi (means umbrellalike Lingzhi mushroom), basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is circular (rounded), width is 14 cm, the upper surface is convex above, the under surface is concave, the central part has umbilicate protuberances, the surface is black, has lacquer-like luster, sparse rumples, shallow wheel-shaped grooves, and radial wrinkles; edge is thin, sharp, slightly involute (slightly rolled inward); the context is in three layers, the upper layer is cinnamomeous, thickness is l-1.2 cm, the middle layer is stained white (dirty white), thickness is 1-2 mm, harder, and connect to prosthecae, the lower layer is brown cinnamomeous, thickness is 2-5 mm, the fungus tube is about 1 cm long, brown cinnamomeous; tube orifice is the same color as the fungus tube, 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is mesic, upright, cylindrical, 6 × 1.8 cm, the same color as the fungus tube, glossy, black, hard, the thickness of husk (skin shell) is 2-3 mm.
The husk structure is sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown), compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 4.5-7.5 μm wide, and length is 25-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 3-4.5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are hazel (pale brown), pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-6 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), 1-2 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped) or nearly elliptic, the apical end is mostly blunt, double wall, the outer wall is transparent or colorless, smooth, the inner wall is hazel (pale brown), and has no spinule or spinules are indistinct, 6-9 × 4.5-5.3 μm (original records are size of basidiospores is 11-12 × 7-7.5 μm, no spinule).
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma submubraculum Imazeki., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Tianjin city, China.
(29).Ganoderma theaecolum.
Botanical description: Ganoderma theaecolum J. D. Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma theaecolum, Tea-stalk Ganoderma, or Cha Bing LingZhi, basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile or short stipitate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) are semicircular or nearly fan-shaped, the surface is russet (reddish-brown) to puce(purple-brown), with a strong lacquer-like luster, and sometimes luster is slightly weaker, 10-14 × 6-8 cm, thickness is 7-15 mm; the edge is the same color as pileus (cap) or is yellowish white, has indistinctive wide concentric circular groove, smooth or blunt, the under part is infertile; the thickness of context is 4-8 mm, stratification is inconspicuous, the upper layer is pale white brown, the lower layer is hazel (pale brown) to brown; the fungus tube is 3-7 mm long, hazel (pale brown) to brown; pore surface is stained white (dirty white), faint yellow (pale yellow) or yellow; tube orifice is slightly circular or nearly corniform, 4-5 per mm.
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, fawn colour (flavotestaceous), compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 5-7 μm wide, and length is 25-30 μm, easy to separate from context.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is colorless and transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 3-4 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are fawn colour (flavotestaceous) to sandy beige (light brown), pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 4-5 μm in dry diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, curved, 1-2 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are rare and exiguous, oval (egg-shaped) or the top end is truncated, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is fawn colour (flavotestaceous), and has sparse spinules or spinules are indistinct, 7-9 × 5.2-6.2 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma theaecolum J. D. Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Ying Shan of Hubei, Qiongzhong County, Linke County, Haikou City, Jianfengling of Hainan province, Nonggang of Guangxi, Xiaguang of Yunnan, Hongkong city, China.
(30).Ganoderma amboineuse.
Botanical description: Ganoderma amboinense (Lam.) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma amboineuse, Imitating-deer Ganoderma, or NiLu LingZhi, basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is semicircular or nearly spoon-shaped, 1-2.5 × 1-3.5 cm, thickness is 0.7-1.7 cm, the surface is reddish-brown, sometimes is puce (purple-brown), has a lacquer-like luster; edge sometimes is hazel (pale brown), blunt or truncated; the context is light brown or wood color, thickness is 0.2-0.8 cm; the fungus tube is light brown, 0.5-1 cm long. The tube orifice is stain yellow-brown to light brown, orbicular, 4-5 per mm. The back or lateral sides are long and ranging in thickness, nearly roseous, reddish-brown to dark brown, glossy, length is 3-4.2 cm, thickness is 0.3-2 cm.
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, light brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 4.5-7.5 μm wide, and length is 15-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), and sometimes is ramificate, 3-4 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are light brown, pachypleurous (thick-walled), has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 3-6 μm in dry diameter, one end connect with generative hypha, the other branch also compose leptodermous generative hypha; flagelliform colorless binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is filamentous and colorless, opaque, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate, 1-3 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped), double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, the inner wall is faint yellow (pale yellow) to light brown, and has spinules, 8.3-9.8 (-10.6) × 5.8-6.8 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma amboinense (Lam.) Pat., grows in rotten wood of mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Jianfengling, Diaoluoshan, Bawangling of Hainan province, Wuliangshan of Yunnan province, China, and worldly distributed in China, Indonesia, Philippines.
(31).Ganoderma austro fujianense.
Botanical description: Ganoderma austrofujianense J. D. Zhao.L. W. Hsu et X. Q. Zhang, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma austro fujianense J. D. Zhao., or Min Nan LingZhi. The encarpium (fruiting body) is semicircle or reniform, 1.5-4.5 × 3-6 cm, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, the surface is black, dark brown or slightly black, with a stained white (dirty white) and brown ring, the ring is not significant but has clearly radial wrinkles, with lacquer-like luster; the edge is thin or sharp, has a white ribbon, the bottom is infertile; the context is brown to dark brown, about 0.8 cm thick; the fungus tube is 0.3-0.4 cm long, brown; pale grayish brown; tube orifice is round or irregular shape, 4-5 per millimeter; the prosthecae is pleurogenous, 6-7 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly flat, ranging in thickness, curved, the top end sometimes is branched and formed two pileus (caps), black, with a lacquer-like luster.
The husk structure is sporiferous layer type, light brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 4.5-7.5 μm wide, and length is 25-30 μm. The surface seems is covered with a layer of light brown gum.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 3-4.5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are light brown, pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching), skeletal part is 4.5-5 μm in dry diameter; flagelliform color binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), ramificate at right angles, 1.5-3 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped) or broadly ovoid, apex is blunter, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is pale brown, and has spinules, 5.7-10.4 (-12.1) × 3.4-5.2 (-6.9) μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma austro fujianense J. D. Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Nanjing , Xingren, Anlong, Ceheng of Guizhou province, China. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(32).Ganoderma cochlear.
Botanical description: Ganoderma cochlear (Blume et Nees) Bres., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma cochlear., Purple Back Stipe Ganoderma, or Bei Bing Zi LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual or perennial, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is orbicular (nearly circular) or circular (rounded), 6-9 × 8-10 cm, 1.5 cm thick, the surface is atropurpureus (purple black) to black, has lacquer-like luster, often has radial wrinkles and inconspicuous concentric ribs; the edge is blunt or truncated; the context is dark coffee color (dark brown), up to 1 cm thick; the fungus tube is 3-5 mm long, similar to the color of the context; pore surface is nearly white or yellowish; tube orifice is round or orbicular, wall of tube is thick, 4-5 per mm (millimeter). The prosthecae is dorsiferous (tergiferous), some is stubby, length is 4-5 cm, diameter is 1-2 cm, and some is up to 20 cm long, the central part is flat, width is up to 4.5 cm, the same color as the pileus (cap), glossy, and the junction with substrate is mostly swollen and form a bigger base.
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 4.5-7.0 μm wide, and length is 20-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), 3-5 μm in diameter; skeletal hyphae are hazel (pale brown) to brown, pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching) or acicular, skeletal part is 3-5 μm in dry diameter; flagelliform color binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches; binding hypha is colorless, pachypleurous (thick wall), 1-2 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped), sometimes the apex is slightly truncated, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is hazel (pale brown) to brown, and has spinules or no spinules, 10.5-12 × 6.5-7.5 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma cochlear (Blume et Nees) Bres., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Xichou of Yunnan, China, and Java. Worldly it is distributed in China, Java.
(33).Ganoderma crebrostriatum.
Botanical description: Ganoderma crebrostriatum Zhao et Xu., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma crebrostriatum.J.D.Zhao et L.W.Hsu., Dense Lines Ganoderma, or Mi Wen LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is orbicular (nearly circular) or semicircle (semicircular in shape), 6.5 × 7.2 cm, thickness is 3-5 mm, the surface is smooth, the central part is dust-colour (darkish brown) to black, gradually turns brown and hazel(pale brown) towards edge, has a lacquer-like luster, and dense concentric rings; the edge is entire, blunt, the under surface is infertile. The context is well-proportioned dust-colour (darkish brown) to brown cinnamomeous, 2-4 mm thick. The fungus tube is hazel (pale brown), length is 1-2 mm; the pore surface is faint yellow or butter yellow; tube orifice is orbicular (nearly round), 5-6 per millimeter. The prosthecae is dorsiferous (tergiferous), diameters are non uniform, about 7 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter, black, has a lacquer-like luster.
The husk structure is irregular tissue, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are arranged nearly parallel, the tip is slightly pointed sometimes, some are split, different in shapes, non uniform in height, usually width is 2-5 μm, and length is 25-30 μm.
The mycelial system is three-body type: generative hypha is colorless and transparent, leptodermous (thin wall), easily broken, 4.5-5.2 μm in diameter, flagelliform colorless binding hypha could be formed at the end tip; skeletal hyphae are hazel (pale brown), pachypleurous (thick-walled) to solid, has arborizations (dendritic branching) or acicular, skeletal part is 4-5 μm in dry diameter; flagelliform color binding hypha is formed at the end tip of branches, or turns to leptodermous generative hypha; binding hypha is colorless to slightly flavotestaceous (fawn colour), pachypleurous (thick wall), 1.5-2 μm in diameter.
The basidiospores are oval (egg-shaped) or long oval, sometimes the apex is slightly truncated, double wall, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is hazel (pale brown) to brown, and has no spinules, 7.4-10.9 × 5.2-7 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma crebrostriatum Zhao et Xu., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Limushan Mountain, Huanan Rezuosuo of Hainan province. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(34).Ganoderma dahlia.
Botanical description: Ganoderma dahlii (Henn.) Aoshima., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma dahlia., Small Hole Chestnut-brown Ganoderma, or Xiao Kong Li He LingZhi. The encarpium (fruiting body) is bigger, sessile or short stipitate. The pileus (cap) is 6.5~12 cm in diameter, orbicular (nearly rounded), surface is chestnut brown or dark brown (black brown), fan-shaped, glossy, has concentric rings, and radial vertical wrinkles. Edges are complete or valviform (petaloid). The context is brown, tube orifice is orbicular, 6~7 per mm. Sessile or short stipitate, if there is a prosthecae, the prosthecae is pleurogenous, length is 2~5 cm, and 2.3~3 cm in diameter. Spores are rust-brown, the inner wall has spinules, broad ovate, or oval (egg-shaped).
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma dahlii (Henn.) Aoshima., grows in rotten wood in mountains and forest, causes white decay on wood. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, and other provinces of China.
(35).Ganoderma fornicatum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma fornicatum(Fr.)Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma fornicatum.", "Arciform Ganoderma", or "Vaulted Ganoderma", or "Gong Zhuang LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) fruit is annual, stalked, woody. Pileus (cap) is slightly round or nearly kidney-shaped, 1.5-5 × 1.2-8 cm, surface is purple-brown to dark brown or purple-black to black, a little shiny, with an obvious ring; edge is blunt; fungus meat is brown, 4-8 mm; fungus and mycelium are the same color, length is 0.4-0.5 cm; hole is brown to dark brown; nozzle is slightly circular, 4-6 per mm. Stipe dorsal health, length is 1.5-3.5 cm, thickness is 0.7-1.5 cm, and the pileus (cap) is with the same color, shiny.
Husk structure is irregular to the real sub-layer type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium rods sticky, tip is expanded or lobed, usually 4-5.5 μm wide and 25-35 μm long. Mycelium three body type: reproductive mycelium is colorless, transparent, thin-walled, diameter is 3-4 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick to solid, dendritic branches, skeleton stem diameter is 3-5 μm, branched ends the formation of flagella colorless winding hyphae; mycelium is uncolored colorless, thick, branched, diameter is 1-2 μm. Basidiospores are oval or nearly oval, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, small spines or spines on the inner wall is not clear, 8.7-10.4 × 5.2-7 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma fornicatum(Fr.)Pat., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in China provinces Limushan Mountain, Jianfengling Mountain in Hainan province. Worldly it is distributed in China, Southeast Asian countries, Australia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and the famous producing area is Guyana.
(36).Ganoderma fulvellum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma fulvellum Bres., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma fulvellum.", "Yellow Brown Ganoderma", or "Huang He LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) septum is semicircular, fan-shaped or shell-shaped, 7-9 × 5.5-8 cm, the smallest pileus (cap) is only 2 × 1.5 cm, the new pileus (cap) can grow from the old pileus (cap) to form imbricate or linked together, the surface is reddish-brown to dark brown, with paint-like luster and inconspicuous concentric rings; thin or blunt edge, pale yellow to brown. Fungus is brown to dark brown, no black chitin layer, thickness is 0.3-1.5 cm; fungus is monolayer, sometimes is multi-layer, brown to dark brown, up to 1 cm; brown to dark brown; orifice is nearly round, 4-5 per mm. Aseptic or sometimes basal.
The skin structure is composed of transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and brown, thick-walled skeleton mycelia glued together to form a parallel arrangement of the organization, the top has a layer to two nearly spherical cells, the width is 3-6.5 μm, length is 20-30 μm. Mycelium three body type: Mycelium is colorless, transparent, thin-walled, easily twisted, diameter is 3.8-6.3 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to light brown, thick to solid, the top of the tree branches, the skeleton diameter is 5 -7.5 μm; entangled mycelium is light yellow, curved, less branched, diameter is 1.5-3.8 μm. Basidiospores are oval, light brown, and sometimes cut at the top, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, with sparse spines on the inner wall, 8.8-10.5 × 5-7.5μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma fulvellum Bres., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in China provinces Yaxian, Jianfengling Mountain, Limushan Mountain of Hainan province, Simao and Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province. Worldly it is distributed in China, and the famous producing area is China.
(37).Ganoderma guinanense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma guinanense J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma guinanense.", or "Gui Nan LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, dark brown to black, with concentric rings but not obvious, longitudinal wrinkles, smooth, lacquer-like luster; edge is complete, sharp, under the mask of a narrow infertility zone; fungus meat is uniform brown, thickness is 3-5.5 mm, edge tends to thin; fungus tube length is 1-2 mm; hole surface is brown; the nozzle is nearly circular, 4-5 per mm(millimeter). The stipe grows about 11 cm long and has a thickness of 1-1.2 cm. It has a strong lacquer-like luster. The flesh of the outer layer of the stipe is slightly hard, 2-3 mm thick, light brown, and the inner layer are soft and brown.
The skin structure consists of transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and near-colorless, solid skeleton mycelia glued together. They are not easily separated from each other, and the constituent mycelia are more inclined to one side, and the top is swollen or slightly pointed, usually 2-4 μm wide and 20-30 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: reproductive mycelium is transparent, thin wall, diameter is 3-6 μm, with the diaphragm; skeleton mycelium is slightly brown or light brown, thick-walled to solid, sometimes twisted, dendritic or needle-like, skeletons are 3-4 μm in diameter and form a flagellar, colorless, winding mycelium at the end of the branch; the winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, and has a diameter of 1.5-2 μm. The spores are broadly ovoid or subglobose, with double walls. The outer wall is colorless, transparent, and smooth. The inner wall has unclear small thorns. It is colorless to slightly brownish (4.5-) 6-11 x 5-8 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma guinanense J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Nonggang of Guangxi, Ledong of Hainan, China. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(38).Ganoderma luteomarginatum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma luteomarginatum J.D.Zhao,L.W.Hsu et X.Q.Zhang, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma luteomarginatum.", "Yellow edge Ganoderma", or "Huang Bian LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) is semi-circular, or near-circular sector slightly, sometimes spatulate, thin, 3-4.4 × 5.5 cm, thickness is 0.5 cm, dark brown or dark brown surface, there seems to gloss lacquer and radial longitudinal wrinkles, concentric rings are not significant; edge is thin, brown, lower fertile; fungus meat is uniformly brown or dark brown, thickness is 0.1-0.4 cm; fungus tube length is 0.1-0.4 cm, light brown or brown; hole dirty surface dirty white to brown or brown; nozzle is nearly circular, 4-6 per mm; green stalk lateral or back, ranging from coarse, thick gradually downward portion length is 6-19 cm, crude 0.5~11 cm, the same color as the pileus (cap), or almost black, glossy.
The skin structure is hypocotyl, light brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the apical bulge is usually 4-6 μm wide and 20-25 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: Procreative mycelium is colorless and transparent, thin-walled, 3-3.7μm in diameter; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick-walled to solid, with a tree-like or needle-like, skeleton diameter is 3-4.5μm, A flagellate-colorlessly-wound mycelium is formed at the ends of branches; the wound mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, and has a diameter of 1.5-2 μm. Bass spores are oval with multiple truncated apexes and double walls. The outer walls are colorless, transparent, and smooth. The inner wall is light brown with small thorns. It is 8.7-10.4 x 5.2-7 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma luteomarginatum J.D.Zhao,L.W.Hsu et X.Q.Zhang, grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Haikou, Bawangling of Hainan province, China. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(39).Ganoderma magniporum..
Botanical description: The Ganoderma magniporum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma magniporum.", "Big-hole Ganoderma", or "Da Kong LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky to woody. Nearly circular to a semicircular pileus (cap), 2.5 × 3 cm, a thickness of 2-2.5 mm, dark brown to the black surface, slightly glossy lacquer-like, having dense edges tend concentric ring groove; toothed edges are obtuse; fungus meat is uniform brown, thick 1-1.5 mm; tube length 0.5-1 mm; pore surface is uneven, brown; nozzle is near-round, 2-2.5 per mm. The stipe is lateral, cylindrical, and the same color as the pileus (cap), about 2.5 cm long and about 5 mm thick.
The skin structure is a mimetic substratum type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, with apical swelling, sometimes irregular or headlike, usually 4-5(-6) μm wide and 25-30 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: Procreative mycelium is colorless, transparent, thin-walled, branching, 2-3 μm in diameter, and the end of branches can form flagellar-like colorless winding mycelium; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick-walled to solid, with dendritic branches, skeleton stem diameter is 2-4 μm, the end of branches can form a flagellar colorless winding mycelium; winding mycelium is colorless to microstrip brown, thick-walled, curved, branched, diameter is 1.5~2 μm. Basspores are ovoid or long ovoid, sometimes apically truncate, double-walled, outer wall is colorless, smooth, with small thorns on the inner wall, light brown to brown, sometimes with oil droplets, 8.7-10.4 x 5.2-7μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma magniporum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Nonggang of Guangxi province, China. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(40).Ganoderma mastoporum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma mastoporum(Lév)Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma mastoporum.", "Stalk less Purple Ganoderma", "Sessile Purple Ganoderma", or "Wubing Zi LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual or perennial, sessile, corky to woody. Substantially circular pileus (cap), subflabellate or conchoidal, 4.5-5.5 × 6.5-9 cm, surface is purple, brown or black to dark brown, and some portion is drab, with obvious dense concentric rings, not radial longitudinal wrinkles obviously, it has a weaker or stronger paint-like luster; the edges are blunt and complete. Fungus meat is uniformly dark brown, 2-5 mm thick, black crustaceous interlayer; Fungus tube is 3-6 mm long, dark brown; dark brown bore surface; a circular orifice slightly, thick wall, 5-6 per mm. Sterile stalk or a narrow stalk base at the base of the pileus (cap).
The hull structure is a mimetic substratum type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the top swelling is usually 5-7 μm wide and 20-30 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: Procreative mycelium is colorless and transparent to microstrip brown, thin-walled, branched, with a diaphragm, diameter is 3-4 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick-walled to solid, with tree-like points branches, skeleton dry diameter is 3-7.5 μm, flagellar-like colorlessly-wound hyphae at the ends of branches; wound mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, 1-2 μm in diameter. Basidiomycotina are oval or long oval, double-wall, outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, with a small thorn or small thorn on the inner wall, is not clear, pale brown to nearly colorless, 8-10.4 × 4-6 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma mastoporum(Lév)Pat., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Jianfengling, Yaxian county, Bawangling, Limushan, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan of Hainan province, Duyun of Guizhou, Simao, Yangyang of Yunnan, China, Worldly it is distributed in China, Malaysia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia.
(41).Ganoderma mediosinense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma mediosinense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma mediosinense.", or "Huazhong LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, rosettelike, stalked, subleathery to corky. Pileus (cap) are nearly round, 3-9 × 3.5-10 cm, small pileus (cap) size is 3 × 3.5 cm, 0.4-0.6 mm thick, the surface is dark brown to black, with paint-like luster, with large radial wrinkles, concentric rings are inconspicuous; thin sharp edge, brown to reddish-brown, the lower part is infertility; fungus meat is brown, 0.5 to 5 mm thick; fungus tube is 3-5 mm long, light brown; pore surface is dirty white or off-white; circular orifice is slightly or irregular shape, often inclined to one side, 4-5 per mm (millimeter). The stipe is partial, with a lacquer-like luster, about 3 cm long and about 2 cm thick.
The hull structure is a mimetic substratum type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, the top swelling is usually 3.5-5 μm wide and 20-25 μm long. Most of the mycelia are almost inflated at the apex of the mycelia, and the diameter of the mycelia is similar to approximate. Mycelial system trisomy type: The mycelium of hyphae is transparent, thin-walled, with a diameter of 2.5-3 μm. Sometimes it is connected to the mycelium of the framework at one end and is connected to the winding mycelium at the other end to form the same body of three kinds of hyphae, and sometimes only one of them is connected; the skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick-walled to solid, sometimes bifurcated, and the skeleton dry diameter is 3-4 μm; the winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, with a diameter of 1.5-2 μm. The spores are oval, sometimes truncated apically, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the inner wall is light brown, with small spines, 9-10.5 × 6-6.7 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma mediosinense J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Yizhang County of Hunan province, Worldly it is distributed in China.
(42).Ganoderma mirivelutinum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma mirivelutinum J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma mirivelutinum.", "Strange fluff Ganoderma", "Strange Hair Ganoderma", or "Qi Rongmao LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky to woody. Semicircular pileus (cap), 5 × 8 cm, the base is 1.8 cm thick, the surface is red-brown, dark brown tend base having dense concentric rings and annular ridge ribs, sometimes with numerous villi flask; pale brown edges, blunt, wavy, following 4-5 mm wide infertility; 4-8 mm thick meat fungus showed a uniform brown, with black crustaceous layer; fungus tube length is 1~1.2 cm and is brown; pale white or pale brown bore surface, the spout is slightly round, 4-5 per mm (millimeter).
The structure of the hull is irregular and pseudo-sub-ply, light brown, and the mycelium has some of its tops inflated, some of which are irregular, usually 3-6 μm wide and 20-25 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: Procreative mycelium is colorless and transparent, thin-walled, 2.5-4 μm in diameter; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick-walled to solid, with or without tree-like branching, skeleton diameter is 3-4.5 μm, one end of the branch is often connected with a thin-walled reproductive mycelium, and a flagellar-like colorless winding mycelium is formed at the end of the branch to form a mycelial system consisting of a mycelium-reproductive mycelium-wound mycelium; the wound mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, 1-2 μm in diameter. Basspores are ovoid, broadly ovoid, or slightly truncate apically, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, with or without small spines on the inner wall, colorless or slightly brownish, 8.3-12 × 5.2-9 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma mirivelutinum J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Wuzhishan of Hainan province, Laoshan mountain, Lingle county of Guangxi, Chengdu of Sichuan, worldly it is distributed in China, and the famous producing area is Hainan province.
(43).Ganoderma ochrolaccatum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma ochrolaccatum(Mont.) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma ochrolaccatum.", "Ochre paint Ganoderma", or "Zhe Qi LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is perennial, sessile, corky to woody. The pileus (cap) is high horseshoe-shaped, sometimes upside down from the top, 1.2-5.2 cm wide, 3-5 cm high, the surface is grayish brown, brownish to dark brown, with concentric ring grooves and ring edges, smooth, no lacquer-like luster; The fungus is blackish brown to light chestnut brown, hard, 0.5-1.5 cm thick; the tube is multi-layered but the delamination is not obvious, the total length is as long as 3 cm, dark brown; the color of the whole surface is almost similar to that of the lacquer Ganoderma lucidum; The nozzle is slightly round, 5 per mm (millimeter).
The hull thickness is 1 mm. Its structure is composed of transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and thick-walled, brown framework mycelium. Mycelium is not easy to separate by sticking together. The diameter of mycelium is 3-4 μm, often in the skeleton. A hyaline layer is formed on the hyphae. The diameter of the hyphae is 4-6 μm, mostly stick-like, arranged in parallel, light brown to dark brown.
Mycelial system trisomy: the reproductive mycelium is transparent and colorless or light brown, with a diaphragm, thin wall, 3-4.5 μm in diameter; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick-walled to solid, skeleton dry diameter is 4-5 μm, branching A flagellar-like colorless winding mycelium is formed at the end; the winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, curved and branched, with a diameter of 1-2 μm.
The spores are ovoid, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, the inner wall is light brown to brown, with small thorns, 9-21 x 6-12 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma ochrolaccatum(Mont.) Pat., grows in mountains and forests. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Dingan County of Hainan province, Emeishan of Sichuan province, worldly it is distributed in China, Philippines, Malaysia.
(44).Ganoderma parviungulatum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma parviungulatum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma parviungulatum.", "Small Horsehoof Ganoderma", "Small Horseshoe Ganoderma", or "Xiao Mati LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky to woody. Small-cap is horseshoe shape or slightly flattened were resuspended in two fork branches to the top of the stem, two horseshoe-like, 1-1.5 × 1-2.5 cm, the thickness is 7-10 mm, the surface is purple-brown, dark brown, with concentric sparse ring groove, there is a kind of gloss paint like; margin is slightly involute, so that shrinkage hole surface becomes small; fungus meat is brown, thickness is 1.5-3 mm. Fungus tube is up to 7 mm, obvious delamination, color; bore surface is light brown to brown; the nozzle is nearly circular, thick wall, small holes, 6-7 per mm. Stipe on the back or proximal green, sometimes two top prongs branched, curved, long 3.5-15 cm, thickness is 0.3-0.7 cm, and the pileus (cap) is the same color, with a lacquer-like luster.
The hull structure is a typical mimetic substratum type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the top bulge is usually 5-7 μm wide and 18-25 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: reproductive mycelium is transparent, thin wall, the diameter is 2.3-3.5 μm; skeleton mycelium is yellowish-brown, thick-walled to solid, tree-like branches, stem diameter is 3.5-4.5μm, branching end formation flagellar, colorless, winding mycelium; winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, 1-2 μm in diameter. Basspores are oval, long oval or elliptic, double-wall, outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, light yellow-brown inner wall, with small thorns, 8-9.7 × 4.5-6.1 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma parviungulatum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., grows in mountains and forests. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Bawangling, Haikou of Hainan province, Worldly it is distributed in China.
(45).Ganoderma simaoense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma simaoense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma simaoense.", or "Simao LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky to woody. Cap-like pad to form hillocks, 3-5 × 4-9 cm, 4-6 cm thick, dark brown near the base surface, there seems to gloss lacquer, no endless belt edge tends to brown color gradually changed to the light brown, blunt edge is complete, lower part is infertility; fungus meat is brown homogeneous, fibrous, no black chitin layer, 4-6 cm thick, there are obvious concentric rings, the case of aqueous KOH solution becomes black; fungus tube length is 2-4 mm, light brown; hole surface is a pale yellow, uneven; pipe mouth is nearly round, 3-5 per mm.
The hull structure is thin and the section is dark brown. The top part of the hyphae expands to a width of 3-7 μm. It is an irregular, equal-diameter cell with a black glial substance. The top is uneven and sometimes has a septum. Mycelial system trisomy type: Procreative mycelium is colorless and transparent, thin-walled, width is 2-4.5 μm, skeleton hyphae is bifurcated or needle-like, the skeleton is pale brown, 3-5 μm in diameter, thick-walled, forming flagella at the end the colorless winding hyphae; the winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, and is 1.5-2 μm thick. The spores are oval and have double walls. The outer walls are colorless, transparent, and smooth. The inner wall is light brown and has no small thorns. 6-7.5 × 3.7-4.5 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma simaoense J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Simao of Yunnan province, Worldly it is distributed in China.
(46).Ganoderma tibetanum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma tibetanum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma tibetanum.", or "Ganoderma leucocontextum", or "Xizang LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is perennial, it is a flat sphere with a hard coating, wood, and a pileus (cap). The spheroids have a lacquer-like luster, dark brown to black, with irregular concentric ring grooves, 10-20 x 5-10 cm in diameter, 3 cm thick on the proximal shank, hollow, 1.5-2 mm thick; The fungus tube grows in the cavity, the former is a uniform dark brown, about 3 mm thick, mixed with a white group of mycelium, the latter is brown, 3-4 mm long, the old tube of fungus became white, about 1 cm thick; hole surface is brown, not flat; nozzle is slightly rounded, about 3 per millimeter.
The hull structure is composed of many cylindrical mycelia, nearly colorless to brown, and the top is not inflated. It is usually 2-2.5 μm wide and varies in length. It is generally 20-37 (-45) μm long and its ends are not on a horizontal line. The upper part is covered with transparent materials of different shapes. This kind of hull structure is special.
Mycelial system trisomy: reproductive mycelium is colorless and transparent, thin-walled, with a diameter of 2.6-3 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick-walled to solid, tree-like branches, skeleton diameter is 4-5 μm, branching end formation flagellar colorlessly wound mycelium; winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, branched, multi-curved, 1-2 μm in diameter.
The spores are oval, with umbilical or slightly flattened at the top, double walls, and the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, and the inner wall is light brown, with a prominent small thorn, 9.5-12.5 × 7.4-8.7 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma tibetanum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., grows in mountains and forests. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Linzhi City of Xizang province, Worldly it is distributed in China.
(47).Ganoderma chenghaiense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma chenghaiense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma chenghaiense.", or "Chenghai LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, usually sessile or sturdy, with short stem base and corky substance. The shape of the pileus (cap) is often irregular or blocky, sometimes is semi-circular, 4-4.5 (-12) × 5-6 (-8) cm, the thickness is up to 3 cm, generally, 0.5-1 cm thick, the surface is brown, red-brown or dark brown, with many longitudinal wrinkles, tending toward the base with a lacquer-like luster; the edges are light brown, thin and sharp; the flesh is homogeneously light brown to brown, cellulosic, 0.2-2.8 cm thick, sometimes with black crust; germ tube is 0.5-2 mm long; the whole surface is light brown or brown, light white when fresh, light brown after drying; nozzle is round, 4-5 per mm (millimeter). If it has a handle base, it can reach 2.5 cm in width and has a strong paint-like luster.
The hull structure is a typical pseudo-sub-pseudostratification type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the top swelling is usually 4.5~6 μm wide and 20-25 μm long.
Mycelial system three-body type: transparent mycelium, thin wall, the diameter is 3.7-4.3 μm, with the lock-like association; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick-walled to solid, with dendritic branches, skeleton dry diameter is 4-5 μm, branched ends form a flagellate-colorless, winding mycelium; the winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, and branches sometimes appear at right angles, 1-2 μm in diameter. The spores are oval or nearly elliptic, sometimes slightly truncated apically, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, light brown inner wall, with small spines, 7.5-10.5 (-11.4) x 5.3-7.5 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma chenghaiense J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Xiamen city, Chenghai County, Puning County of Guangdong province, Haikou city, and Dan county of Hainan province, Worldly it is distributed in China.
(48).Ganoderma tsunodae.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma tsunodae., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma tsunodae.", or "Rough skin Ganoderma", or "Cu Pi LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile, fleshy to corky. Cap-shaped or nearly spoon-shaped, profile is semi-spherical to flat, 5-25 × 5-18 cm, 1.5-3 cm thick, rough surface, the light brown, smoke gradient on the backside, sometimes radial wrinkles; the edge is thin or sharp, dry, inward roll; fungus flesh is white, fleshy, hard after drying, thickness is 0.5-1.5 cm; fungus tube is pale pink-gray, long 0.8-1.5 mm; hole surface is near white, dry and light brown-gray; tube mouth is slightly round, about 4 per mm (millimeter). Sterile or sometimes inconspicuous lateral short stipe, irregular shape, color and rough state are the same with the pileus (cap), about 5 cm long, roughly 3 cm thick.
The hull structure is composed of transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and thick-walled, brown-framed mycelium combined to form mycelia. Some mycelia are arranged in parallel and some are intertwined. The parallel mycelium grows at the top, and the width is 4.5-6 μm, mostly composed of mycelium of the mycelium and locked in combination, tilted from the flesh, but does not form a pseudo-solid layer type.
Mycelial system three-type: transparent mycelium, thin wall, the diameter is 4-6 μm, the formation of flagellum-like colorless winding mycelium; skeleton mycelium is thick to solid, light brown, branched, diameter is 3.5-6 μm; Filament is colorless, thick-walled, and mostly branched at right angles, with a diameter of 1.5-2 μm.
The spores are broadly ovoid, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, and the inner wall is slightly yellow-brown with a small thorn, 16.5-21.5×13-16 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma tsunodae., grows in mountains and forests. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Xichou county of Yunnan province. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(49).Ganoderma formosanum.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma formosanum Chang et Chen., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma formosanum.", "Black Reishi", or "Taiwan LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is with middle stalk, lateral stalk, partial stalk, rarely sessile, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) diameter is 15 cm, 0.3-2 cm thick, nearly round, round or kidney-shaped, the surface with sparse concentric ring groove, multi-ring or slightly longitudinal wrinkles, flat to the center of the concave; surface wine red-brown, pale dark brown, dark purple-brown, black, with paint-like luster. Sharp and blunt edge, sometimes under the curve, regular to wavy; fungus flesh thickness is 1-3 cm, upper white, thin, near the fungus tube light gray or black; fungus tube length is 0.3-1.7 cm. Stipe length is up to 30 cm, diameter is 0.8-2.5 cm, there is a scorpion.
The hull structure is a mimetic substratum type, consisting of mycelium cylindrical to rod-shaped, with a diameter of 5.1-6.3 μm and a length of 35.6-48 μm.
The upper mushroom meat is composed of winding hyphae which are transparent and perpendicular to the actual skin layer of the mimicry, and the lower one is composed of skeleton mycelium and winding mycelium. The nozzle is round and has a diameter of 131-151 (-181) μm. The wall thickness is 60-122 (-202) μm. Basidiospores are ovoid to subglobose, with transparent papillae at the tip, do not collapse or rarely collapse into flat, brown when mature, 11.5-12.5 (-12.5) × 7-7.6 (-8.5) μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma formosanum Chang et Chen., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Guizhou province, Taoyuan County, Shangming County of northern Taiwan. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(50).Ganoderma multplea.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma multplea D.Hou., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma multplea.", or "Chonggai LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) has a handle. Nearly round pileus (cap) or sector, overlapping grows, 5-10 × 3-4 cm, 5-9 mm thick, with some stipe pileus (cap) healing, fibrous, suberin to wood, the upper surface of the pileus (cap) has a convex mirror shaped, sometimes flat, concave lower surface rarely; edge rules, integrity or wavy, rarely reflexed; sometimes with the endless belt surface, uneven, with umbilical projections, sometimes concentric ring groove, with a lacquer-like gloss smooth, chestnut brown or yellowish red, the color tends to fade the edge or pale yellowish-white. Stipe is common irregular, short and thick, 3-5 cm length, diameter is 1-3.5 cm, lateral, vertical, or inclined, with a lacquer-like luster red chestnut brown. Birth secondary pileus (cap) below the pileus (cap) from 1-2 × 1-2.5 cm, 5-8 mm thick, short stipe, cylindrical or flat, lateral, long 1-1.5 cm, with the lower pileus (cap) the same color; Fungus tube has thin layer, 1-2 mm long, not layered; nozzle is round, pale yellow-brown.
The structure of the hull is hypocotinogenic and the epidermis is thin. The mycelium is suddenly swollen at the top of the composition, resembling a balloon, 2.35~6.05 μm wide, and 16.5 μm long. The surface has a thin layer of pseudolacquer-like secretions. Basspores are oval, double-wall, outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, the top of the umbiliculosis or truncated, the inner wall is brown, thick, there are many small thorns, 8.2-9.4 × 4.7 μm, can be seen near the base of spores and the connection point of the pedicel.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma multplea D.Hou., grows in mountains and forests. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed near Taichung Park in Taiwan. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(51).Ganoderma australe.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma australe(Fr.) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma australe.", "south artist's conk", or "Nanfang Shushe", "Lao Mu Jun", sporocarp(fruiting body) Cap: semicircular, 6.5~13 cm x 4.5~10 cm, the thickness is about 4 cm, grayish brown to dark brown. Meat: brown or cinnamon, hard, thickness is 1.5~2 cm. Fungus tubes: brown to dark brown, layered, brown or yellow-brown. Spores: Oval, smooth, 10.4-14 microns x 7-8 microns.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma australe(Fr.) Pat., grows in mountains and forest, causes white rot of wood and root rot of trees, leading to the death of parasitic trees. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(52).Ganoderma sanmingense.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma sanmingense J.D. Zhang et X.Q. Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma sanmingense.", "Sanming artist's conk", or "Sanming Shushe", sporocarp(fruiting body) is generally small or medium-sized. Pileus (cap) diameter is 4~8 cm, thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm, semicircular or fan-shaped, dark brown, with a wide light brown to brown concentric ring, surface bumps are not junked with concentric rings, smooth or longitudinal wrinkles, matte, with a deep ditch at the edge. The flesh is yellowish-brown, hard, 0.2~0.5 cm thick. The tube length is 0.2-0.3 cm, and the whole surface is yellow-brown. The nozzle is nearly round or slightly polygonal, with 6 to 7 per mm (millimeter). The inner wall of the spore had no obvious thorns or thorns, wide oval to nearly spherical, (6.5 ~ 10.5) pm. x (4 ~ 9) pm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma sanmingense J.D. Zhang et X.Q. Zhang., grows in mountains and forest, raw broadleaf on the rotten wood, dead wood in the deciduous forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the Sanming City. Worldly it is distributed in China.
(53).Other species of Ganoderma.
Except for above-introduced species, there are several other species of the Ganoderma genus had been identified as Lingzhi Mushroom, and they are known including the species: (53).Ganoderma annulate, (54).Ganoderma bawanglingense(Bawangling Shushe), (55).Ganoderma brownie(He Shushe), (56).Ganoderma aensiionatum(Miwen Shushe), (57).Ganoderma diaoluoshanense(Diaoluoshan Shushe), (58).Ganoderma limushanense(Limushan Shushe), (59).Ganoderma meijjaganse(Mojiang Shushe), (60).Ganoderma philipii(Xiangjiao Shushe), (61).Ganoderma shangsiense(Shangsi Shushe), (62).Ganoderma trianglatum(Sanjiaozhuang Shushe), (63).Ganoderma nugntum(Matizhuang Shushe), (64).Ganoderma koningsbergii(Jiaowen Shushe).
Other Species of Lingzhi mushroom.
There are about 250 kinds of Fungus of the Ganoderma genus, in China, there are almost 98~100 species of fungus found to belong to the 4 Ganoderma genera, and Ganodermataceae family, they grow and spread from south to north.
The herbal values of the Ganoderma fungus are recorded in herbal classics, and there are three species among the Ganoderma genus that are suggested by official herbal classics with values for the therapeutical purpose, they are known as the species: (1). Ganoderma lucidum, it is also known as LingZhi(Línɡ Zhī) or Chi Zhi(Chì Zhī), literally, Chì Zhī means "Red Lingzhi Mushroom", (2). Ganoderma sinense, also known as Zǐ Zhī, literally Zǐ Zhī means "Purple Lingzhi Mushroom", and (3). Ganoderma tsugae, also known as Sōng Zhī, literally Sōng Zhī means "Pine Tree Lingzhi Mushroom".These 3 commonly used species are introduced at: Introduction of Ling Zhi: Lucid Ganoderma or Ganoderma Lucidium.
Other Cultivated Species of Lingzhi mushroom:Except for the species which defined and recommended by Common herbal classics,(1).Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.,or (2).Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. There are several other species of Ganoderma cultivated in China nowadays, they are known including species:(3).Ganoderma tsugae, (4).Ganoderma hainanense, (5).Ganoderma multiplicatum, (6).Ganoderma tenue, (7).Ganoderma atrum., (8).Ganoderma shandongense. These commonly cultivated species are introduced at: Lingzhi mushroom:Other Cultivated Species.
Other Identified Common Species of Lingzhi mushroom:Except the species which defined by Common herbal classics,(1).Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.,or (2).Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang. And those cultivated species of Ganoderma, (3).Ganoderma tsugae, (4).Ganoderma hainanense, (5).Ganoderma multiplicatum, (6).Ganoderma tenue, (7).Ganoderma atrum. There are some other identified wild species of the Lingzhi Mushrooms could be used, they are known commonly including species:(9).Ganoderma boninense, (10).Ganoderma calidophilum, (11).Ganoderma monglicum, (12).Ganoderma resinaceum, (13).Ganoderma valesiacum, (14).Ganoderma ahmadii, (15).Ganoderma capense, (16).Ganoderma tropicum, (17).Ganoderma duropora, (18).Ganoderma applanatum, (19).Ganoderma gibbosum, (20).Ganoderma lobatum, etc. These usable wild field species are introduced at: Lingzhi mushroom:Other Identified Common Species.
Article Links.
URL QR code:
References:
1.Introduction of Ling Zhi:Lucid Ganoderma or Ganoderma Lucidium.
2.Lingzhi mushroom:Other Identified Special Species.
✵The article gives records of the herb other identified special species of Lingzhi mushroom, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these other identified special species of Lingzhi mushroom, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these fungus species, the features of these fungus species, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Botanical description: Ganoderma curtisii (Berk.) Murrill, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma curtisii, Weak-Lustre Ganoderma, or Ruo Guang Ze LingZhi, basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is reniform, semicircle (semicircular), fan-shaped, mytiliform to irregular shape, size is 3.5-17 × 3-25 cm, 1-2.5 cm thick, the surface is yellowish brown, dirty russet (dirty reddish-brown), dirty puce (purple brown), has inconspicuous ring pattern, vertical wrinkles are conspicuous, with weak lacquer-like luster, smooth or uneven (sags and crests), sometimes is covered with brown spore powder; edge is blunt or slightly truncated, the lower border has wider infertile band; the upper layer of context is wood color, the part near to fungus tube is pale brown to brown, 0.2-1.3 cm thick, firm and hard, has black chitinous layer (shell layer); the fungus tube is 0.3-1 cm long, pale brown; the tube surface is dirty white to dirty yellow or pale brown; the tube orifice is orbicular, 4-6 per mm. The prosthecae is lateral, subcylindrical (nearly cylindrical), mostly are curved, 2-19 cm long, 0.4-1.3 cm in diameter, sometimes is flat, width is up to 1.8 cm when it is flat, prunus (violet red) to puce (purple brown), has lacquer-like luster.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma tsugae Murr., grows in decaying stumps and roots of hardwoods, in mountains and forest. This species is distributed in Neiqiu, Lishui of Hebei, Guangfeng of Jiangxi, Hunan, Bawangling of Hainan, Muli of Sichuan, Dehong of Yunnan provinces, China. This species is also distributed in the Southeastern areas of USA (the United States of America).
Botanical description: The Ganoderma daiqingshanense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma daiqingshanense, or Daqingshan LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is a semicircle or fan-shaped, 13-15 × 21-26 cm, thickness is 1-1.5 cm, the base is up to 5 cm thick, the surface is russet (reddish-brown), brown, black brown to nearly black, has a lacquer-like luster, with concentric rings ridge, ridge height is about 1 cm, width is 1-1.5 cm, has galls, and indistinct radial longitudinal wrinkles, not flat; the edge is flat and pure; the context is in two layers, the upper layer is wood color, the lower layer is brown, thickness is 0.4~0.5 cm; the fungus tube is about 1 cm long. The tube surface is brown, turns fawn color (flavotestaceous) toward the edge; the tube orifice is subrotund (orbicular), 4-5 per mm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma daiqingshanense J.D.Zhao., grows in mountains and forest. This species is mainly distributed in Shangsi Shiwan Mountain, Longjin Daqingshan of Guangxi, China.
Botanical description: Ganoderma flexipes Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma flexipes, Curved-stalk Ganoderma, or Wanbing LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is spatulate or orbicular, 0.6-1.6 × 0.5-1.5 cm, thickness is 0.5-1.3 cm, the surface is russet (reddish-brown), has conspicuous concentric ring grooves, and a lacquer-like luster; the edge is blunt or truncated; the context is dark wood color to pale brown, lay separation is unclear, and sometimes the upper layer is of lighter colour, the lower layer is darker color, thickness is 0.1-0.2 cm; the fungus tube is brown, 0.3-0.5 cm long; the pore surface is dirty white to brownish; tube orifice is orbicular, 4-5 per millimeter. The prosthecae is dorsal or dorsiferous, 3-11.5 cm long, thickness is 0.2-0.5 cm, glossy, puce (purple-brown) or atropurpureus (purple-black).
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is usually 6-7.5 μm, length is 20-30 μm, pale brown.
Botanical description: Ganoderma kunmingense J. D. Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma kunmingense, Kunming Ganoderma, or Kunming LingZhi. The encarpium (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is semicircular or nearly spoon-shaped, 1-2.5 × 1-3.5 cm, thickness is 0.7-1.7 cm, the surface is russet (reddish-brown), sometimes is puce (purple-brown), with a lacquer-like luster; sometimes the margin is fawn colour (flavotestaceous), blunt or truncated; the context is hazel (pale brown) or wood color, thickness is 0.2-0.8 cm; the fungus tube is light brown, 0.5-1 cm long. The pore surface is dirty tawny (dirty yellow-brown) to light brown, tube orifice is orbicular (nearly circular), 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is dorsiferous or lateral, long and varies in thickness, torose (nearly bead-like), russet to black brown, glossy, length is 3-4.2 cm, thickness is 0.3-2 cm.
The husk structure is sporiferous layer type, fawn colour (flavotestaceous), compositive hyphae are clavate, the tip is enlarged, width is 4.5-7.5 μm, length is 15-30 μm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma ramosissimum J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Multi-branched Ganoderma, or Duo Fen Zhi LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual or perennial, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is fan-shaped or in irregular shapes, sometimes several pilei (caps) are connected, 3-3.5 × 1-3 cm, thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the surface is light brown, brown or puce (purple-brown), smooth, with a lacquer-like luster, concentric annules are inconspicuous; edge is fawn colour (flavotestaceous), blunt, lower edge is sterile; the context is whitish to wood color or slightly brownish, not turns to black when it meets KOH aqueous solution; the fungus tube is 2-4 mm long. The pore surface is hazel (pale brown) or fuscid (dirty brown); the tube orifice is slightly circular, 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is pleurogenous (grows laterally), has a strong lacquer-like luster, length is up to 19 cm, and generally the thickness is 0.5-1 cm, slightly flattened at the part toward the upper part, dichotomously branched (bifurcation), trifurcation or irregularly ramificate, uneven width is uneven, and sometimes the thickness is up to 2 cm, often has infertile branches, the tip of the branches have a pileus (cap) or has no pileus.
The husk structure is typical sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown), compositive hyphae are clavate, the tip is enlarged or nearly not enlarged, usually width is 5-7 μm, length is 20-25 μm, sometimes is shorter.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma rotundatum J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Big-Round Shape Ganoderma, or Da Yuan LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is sessile, suberinite to ligneous. Imbricate, base compose a circle around the substrate (substratum), loosely attached to the substrate, the diameter reaches 43 cm, the thickest part of the base reaches 7 cm; the pileus (cap) is slightly round or nearly fan-shaped, width is 17-21 (-43) cm, thickness is 1.5-3 (-7) cm, the surface is dull puce (dull purple brown) or dirty russet (reddish-brown), slightly has a lacquer-like luster, has conspicuous concentric ring grooves and ring zone, smooth, edge is blunt, entire or slightly wavy (slightly undulate). The context is up to 2.5 cm thick, form two distinct layers, the upper layer is whitish to wood color, the lower layer is hazel (pale brown) to brown; the fungus tube is up to 2.5 cm long, unstratified (not layered), fuscid (stain brown) to brown or cinnamomeous; the pore surface is dirty white to hazel (pale brown); the tube orifice is slightly circular, 4-5 per mm.
The husk structure is composed of irregularly parallel arrangement of hyphae or interwoven hyphae, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are 25-30 μm long, the tip is not enlarged, sometimes slightly pointed or blunt, usually width is 1.5-3 μm, some compositive hyphae has septum or torose (nearly bead-like), the ends are not in the same horizontal line.
Botanical description: Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Sichuan Ganoderma, or Sichuan LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is nearly fan-shaped or semicircle (semicircular), the base is attenuate and form a stalk base, 10 × 19 cm, thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the surface is puce (purple brown), dark brown, stained chestnut-brown to light reddish brown, slightly glossy, sags and crests, has conspicuous vertical wrinkles, compose big rumples, verrucules and galls; irregular edges, blunt, sometimes overlapping; the context is obvious in stratification, the upper layer is whitish or wood color, the part near the fungus tube is often pale brown or nearly brown, 1.2-2 mm long; fungus tube is 5-18 mm long, hazel (pale brown) to brown. The pore surface is the same color as fungus tube or darker; the tube orifice is complete, 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is lateral, 1-2 cm in diameter, length is 3-10 cm, pitch black or puce (purple brown), with a strong lacquer-like luster.
The husk structure is typical sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the tip is enlarged or fusiform (spindle-shaped), usually the width is 6-7 μm, length is 25-30 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang., grows in mountains and forest. This species is mainly distributed in Bawangling of Hainan province, Dukou of Sichuan province, Ceheng and Jianhe of Guizhou province, China.
Botanical description: Ganoderma submubraculum Imazeki., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma submubraculum, Umbrella-shaped Ganoderma, or Sanzhuang LingZhi (means umbrellalike Lingzhi mushroom), basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is circular (rounded), width is 14 cm, the upper surface is convex above, the under surface is concave, the central part has umbilicate protuberances, the surface is black, has lacquer-like luster, sparse rumples, shallow wheel-shaped grooves, and radial wrinkles; edge is thin, sharp, slightly involute (slightly rolled inward); the context is in three layers, the upper layer is cinnamomeous, thickness is l-1.2 cm, the middle layer is stained white (dirty white), thickness is 1-2 mm, harder, and connect to prosthecae, the lower layer is brown cinnamomeous, thickness is 2-5 mm, the fungus tube is about 1 cm long, brown cinnamomeous; tube orifice is the same color as the fungus tube, 4-5 per mm. The prosthecae is mesic, upright, cylindrical, 6 × 1.8 cm, the same color as the fungus tube, glossy, black, hard, the thickness of husk (skin shell) is 2-3 mm.
The husk structure is sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown), compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 4.5-7.5 μm wide, and length is 25-30 μm.
Botanical description: Ganoderma theaecolum J. D. Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma theaecolum, Tea-stalk Ganoderma, or Cha Bing LingZhi, basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile or short stipitate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) are semicircular or nearly fan-shaped, the surface is russet (reddish-brown) to puce(purple-brown), with a strong lacquer-like luster, and sometimes luster is slightly weaker, 10-14 × 6-8 cm, thickness is 7-15 mm; the edge is the same color as pileus (cap) or is yellowish white, has indistinctive wide concentric circular groove, smooth or blunt, the under part is infertile; the thickness of context is 4-8 mm, stratification is inconspicuous, the upper layer is pale white brown, the lower layer is hazel (pale brown) to brown; the fungus tube is 3-7 mm long, hazel (pale brown) to brown; pore surface is stained white (dirty white), faint yellow (pale yellow) or yellow; tube orifice is slightly circular or nearly corniform, 4-5 per mm.
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, fawn colour (flavotestaceous), compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 5-7 μm wide, and length is 25-30 μm, easy to separate from context.
Botanical description: Ganoderma amboinense (Lam.) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma amboineuse, Imitating-deer Ganoderma, or NiLu LingZhi, basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite. The pileus (cap) is semicircular or nearly spoon-shaped, 1-2.5 × 1-3.5 cm, thickness is 0.7-1.7 cm, the surface is reddish-brown, sometimes is puce (purple-brown), has a lacquer-like luster; edge sometimes is hazel (pale brown), blunt or truncated; the context is light brown or wood color, thickness is 0.2-0.8 cm; the fungus tube is light brown, 0.5-1 cm long. The tube orifice is stain yellow-brown to light brown, orbicular, 4-5 per mm. The back or lateral sides are long and ranging in thickness, nearly roseous, reddish-brown to dark brown, glossy, length is 3-4.2 cm, thickness is 0.3-2 cm.
Botanical description: Ganoderma austrofujianense J. D. Zhao.L. W. Hsu et X. Q. Zhang, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma austro fujianense J. D. Zhao., or Min Nan LingZhi. The encarpium (fruiting body) is semicircle or reniform, 1.5-4.5 × 3-6 cm, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, the surface is black, dark brown or slightly black, with a stained white (dirty white) and brown ring, the ring is not significant but has clearly radial wrinkles, with lacquer-like luster; the edge is thin or sharp, has a white ribbon, the bottom is infertile; the context is brown to dark brown, about 0.8 cm thick; the fungus tube is 0.3-0.4 cm long, brown; pale grayish brown; tube orifice is round or irregular shape, 4-5 per millimeter; the prosthecae is pleurogenous, 6-7 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly flat, ranging in thickness, curved, the top end sometimes is branched and formed two pileus (caps), black, with a lacquer-like luster.
Botanical description: Ganoderma cochlear (Blume et Nees) Bres., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma cochlear., Purple Back Stipe Ganoderma, or Bei Bing Zi LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual or perennial, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is orbicular (nearly circular) or circular (rounded), 6-9 × 8-10 cm, 1.5 cm thick, the surface is atropurpureus (purple black) to black, has lacquer-like luster, often has radial wrinkles and inconspicuous concentric ribs; the edge is blunt or truncated; the context is dark coffee color (dark brown), up to 1 cm thick; the fungus tube is 3-5 mm long, similar to the color of the context; pore surface is nearly white or yellowish; tube orifice is round or orbicular, wall of tube is thick, 4-5 per mm (millimeter). The prosthecae is dorsiferous (tergiferous), some is stubby, length is 4-5 cm, diameter is 1-2 cm, and some is up to 20 cm long, the central part is flat, width is up to 4.5 cm, the same color as the pileus (cap), glossy, and the junction with substrate is mostly swollen and form a bigger base.
The husk structure is irregular sporiferous layer type, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are clavate, the enlarged part of the tip is 4.5-7.0 μm wide, and length is 20-30 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma cochlear (Blume et Nees) Bres., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Xichou of Yunnan, China, and Java. Worldly it is distributed in China, Java.
Botanical description: Ganoderma crebrostriatum Zhao et Xu., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma crebrostriatum.J.D.Zhao et L.W.Hsu., Dense Lines Ganoderma, or Mi Wen LingZhi. The basidiocarp (fruiting body) is annual, petiolate, suberinite to ligneous. The pileus (cap) is orbicular (nearly circular) or semicircle (semicircular in shape), 6.5 × 7.2 cm, thickness is 3-5 mm, the surface is smooth, the central part is dust-colour (darkish brown) to black, gradually turns brown and hazel(pale brown) towards edge, has a lacquer-like luster, and dense concentric rings; the edge is entire, blunt, the under surface is infertile. The context is well-proportioned dust-colour (darkish brown) to brown cinnamomeous, 2-4 mm thick. The fungus tube is hazel (pale brown), length is 1-2 mm; the pore surface is faint yellow or butter yellow; tube orifice is orbicular (nearly round), 5-6 per millimeter. The prosthecae is dorsiferous (tergiferous), diameters are non uniform, about 7 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter, black, has a lacquer-like luster.
The husk structure is irregular tissue, hazel (pale brown) to brown, compositive hyphae are arranged nearly parallel, the tip is slightly pointed sometimes, some are split, different in shapes, non uniform in height, usually width is 2-5 μm, and length is 25-30 μm.
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma crebrostriatum Zhao et Xu., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Limushan Mountain, Huanan Rezuosuo of Hainan province. Worldly it is distributed in China.
Botanical description: Ganoderma dahlii (Henn.) Aoshima., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as Ganoderma dahlia., Small Hole Chestnut-brown Ganoderma, or Xiao Kong Li He LingZhi. The encarpium (fruiting body) is bigger, sessile or short stipitate. The pileus (cap) is 6.5~12 cm in diameter, orbicular (nearly rounded), surface is chestnut brown or dark brown (black brown), fan-shaped, glossy, has concentric rings, and radial vertical wrinkles. Edges are complete or valviform (petaloid). The context is brown, tube orifice is orbicular, 6~7 per mm. Sessile or short stipitate, if there is a prosthecae, the prosthecae is pleurogenous, length is 2~5 cm, and 2.3~3 cm in diameter. Spores are rust-brown, the inner wall has spinules, broad ovate, or oval (egg-shaped).
Ecological Environment: Ganoderma dahlii (Henn.) Aoshima., grows in rotten wood in mountains and forest, causes white decay on wood. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, and other provinces of China.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma fornicatum(Fr.)Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma fornicatum.", "Arciform Ganoderma", or "Vaulted Ganoderma", or "Gong Zhuang LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) fruit is annual, stalked, woody. Pileus (cap) is slightly round or nearly kidney-shaped, 1.5-5 × 1.2-8 cm, surface is purple-brown to dark brown or purple-black to black, a little shiny, with an obvious ring; edge is blunt; fungus meat is brown, 4-8 mm; fungus and mycelium are the same color, length is 0.4-0.5 cm; hole is brown to dark brown; nozzle is slightly circular, 4-6 per mm. Stipe dorsal health, length is 1.5-3.5 cm, thickness is 0.7-1.5 cm, and the pileus (cap) is with the same color, shiny.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma fornicatum(Fr.)Pat., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in China provinces Limushan Mountain, Jianfengling Mountain in Hainan province. Worldly it is distributed in China, Southeast Asian countries, Australia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and the famous producing area is Guyana.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma fulvellum Bres., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma fulvellum.", "Yellow Brown Ganoderma", or "Huang He LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) septum is semicircular, fan-shaped or shell-shaped, 7-9 × 5.5-8 cm, the smallest pileus (cap) is only 2 × 1.5 cm, the new pileus (cap) can grow from the old pileus (cap) to form imbricate or linked together, the surface is reddish-brown to dark brown, with paint-like luster and inconspicuous concentric rings; thin or blunt edge, pale yellow to brown. Fungus is brown to dark brown, no black chitin layer, thickness is 0.3-1.5 cm; fungus is monolayer, sometimes is multi-layer, brown to dark brown, up to 1 cm; brown to dark brown; orifice is nearly round, 4-5 per mm. Aseptic or sometimes basal.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma fulvellum Bres., grows in mountains and forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in China provinces Yaxian, Jianfengling Mountain, Limushan Mountain of Hainan province, Simao and Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province. Worldly it is distributed in China, and the famous producing area is China.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma guinanense J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma guinanense.", or "Gui Nan LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, dark brown to black, with concentric rings but not obvious, longitudinal wrinkles, smooth, lacquer-like luster; edge is complete, sharp, under the mask of a narrow infertility zone; fungus meat is uniform brown, thickness is 3-5.5 mm, edge tends to thin; fungus tube length is 1-2 mm; hole surface is brown; the nozzle is nearly circular, 4-5 per mm(millimeter). The stipe grows about 11 cm long and has a thickness of 1-1.2 cm. It has a strong lacquer-like luster. The flesh of the outer layer of the stipe is slightly hard, 2-3 mm thick, light brown, and the inner layer are soft and brown.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma luteomarginatum J.D.Zhao,L.W.Hsu et X.Q.Zhang, is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma luteomarginatum.", "Yellow edge Ganoderma", or "Huang Bian LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) is semi-circular, or near-circular sector slightly, sometimes spatulate, thin, 3-4.4 × 5.5 cm, thickness is 0.5 cm, dark brown or dark brown surface, there seems to gloss lacquer and radial longitudinal wrinkles, concentric rings are not significant; edge is thin, brown, lower fertile; fungus meat is uniformly brown or dark brown, thickness is 0.1-0.4 cm; fungus tube length is 0.1-0.4 cm, light brown or brown; hole dirty surface dirty white to brown or brown; nozzle is nearly circular, 4-6 per mm; green stalk lateral or back, ranging from coarse, thick gradually downward portion length is 6-19 cm, crude 0.5~11 cm, the same color as the pileus (cap), or almost black, glossy.
The skin structure is hypocotyl, light brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the apical bulge is usually 4-6 μm wide and 20-25 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: Procreative mycelium is colorless and transparent, thin-walled, 3-3.7μm in diameter; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick-walled to solid, with a tree-like or needle-like, skeleton diameter is 3-4.5μm, A flagellate-colorlessly-wound mycelium is formed at the ends of branches; the wound mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, and has a diameter of 1.5-2 μm. Bass spores are oval with multiple truncated apexes and double walls. The outer walls are colorless, transparent, and smooth. The inner wall is light brown with small thorns. It is 8.7-10.4 x 5.2-7 μm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma mastoporum(Lév)Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma mastoporum.", "Stalk less Purple Ganoderma", "Sessile Purple Ganoderma", or "Wubing Zi LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual or perennial, sessile, corky to woody. Substantially circular pileus (cap), subflabellate or conchoidal, 4.5-5.5 × 6.5-9 cm, surface is purple, brown or black to dark brown, and some portion is drab, with obvious dense concentric rings, not radial longitudinal wrinkles obviously, it has a weaker or stronger paint-like luster; the edges are blunt and complete. Fungus meat is uniformly dark brown, 2-5 mm thick, black crustaceous interlayer; Fungus tube is 3-6 mm long, dark brown; dark brown bore surface; a circular orifice slightly, thick wall, 5-6 per mm. Sterile stalk or a narrow stalk base at the base of the pileus (cap).
The hull structure is a mimetic substratum type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the top swelling is usually 5-7 μm wide and 20-30 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: Procreative mycelium is colorless and transparent to microstrip brown, thin-walled, branched, with a diaphragm, diameter is 3-4 μm; skeleton mycelium is light brown to brown, thick-walled to solid, with tree-like points branches, skeleton dry diameter is 3-7.5 μm, flagellar-like colorlessly-wound hyphae at the ends of branches; wound mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, 1-2 μm in diameter. Basidiomycotina are oval or long oval, double-wall, outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, with a small thorn or small thorn on the inner wall, is not clear, pale brown to nearly colorless, 8-10.4 × 4-6 μm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma mediosinense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma mediosinense.", or "Huazhong LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, rosettelike, stalked, subleathery to corky. Pileus (cap) are nearly round, 3-9 × 3.5-10 cm, small pileus (cap) size is 3 × 3.5 cm, 0.4-0.6 mm thick, the surface is dark brown to black, with paint-like luster, with large radial wrinkles, concentric rings are inconspicuous; thin sharp edge, brown to reddish-brown, the lower part is infertility; fungus meat is brown, 0.5 to 5 mm thick; fungus tube is 3-5 mm long, light brown; pore surface is dirty white or off-white; circular orifice is slightly or irregular shape, often inclined to one side, 4-5 per mm (millimeter). The stipe is partial, with a lacquer-like luster, about 3 cm long and about 2 cm thick.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma mirivelutinum J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma mirivelutinum.", "Strange fluff Ganoderma", "Strange Hair Ganoderma", or "Qi Rongmao LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky to woody. Semicircular pileus (cap), 5 × 8 cm, the base is 1.8 cm thick, the surface is red-brown, dark brown tend base having dense concentric rings and annular ridge ribs, sometimes with numerous villi flask; pale brown edges, blunt, wavy, following 4-5 mm wide infertility; 4-8 mm thick meat fungus showed a uniform brown, with black crustaceous layer; fungus tube length is 1~1.2 cm and is brown; pale white or pale brown bore surface, the spout is slightly round, 4-5 per mm (millimeter).
Botanical description: The Ganoderma ochrolaccatum(Mont.) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma ochrolaccatum.", "Ochre paint Ganoderma", or "Zhe Qi LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is perennial, sessile, corky to woody. The pileus (cap) is high horseshoe-shaped, sometimes upside down from the top, 1.2-5.2 cm wide, 3-5 cm high, the surface is grayish brown, brownish to dark brown, with concentric ring grooves and ring edges, smooth, no lacquer-like luster; The fungus is blackish brown to light chestnut brown, hard, 0.5-1.5 cm thick; the tube is multi-layered but the delamination is not obvious, the total length is as long as 3 cm, dark brown; the color of the whole surface is almost similar to that of the lacquer Ganoderma lucidum; The nozzle is slightly round, 5 per mm (millimeter).
The hull thickness is 1 mm. Its structure is composed of transparent, thin-walled reproductive mycelium and thick-walled, brown framework mycelium. Mycelium is not easy to separate by sticking together. The diameter of mycelium is 3-4 μm, often in the skeleton. A hyaline layer is formed on the hyphae. The diameter of the hyphae is 4-6 μm, mostly stick-like, arranged in parallel, light brown to dark brown.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma parviungulatum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma parviungulatum.", "Small Horsehoof Ganoderma", "Small Horseshoe Ganoderma", or "Xiao Mati LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, stalked, corky to woody. Small-cap is horseshoe shape or slightly flattened were resuspended in two fork branches to the top of the stem, two horseshoe-like, 1-1.5 × 1-2.5 cm, the thickness is 7-10 mm, the surface is purple-brown, dark brown, with concentric sparse ring groove, there is a kind of gloss paint like; margin is slightly involute, so that shrinkage hole surface becomes small; fungus meat is brown, thickness is 1.5-3 mm. Fungus tube is up to 7 mm, obvious delamination, color; bore surface is light brown to brown; the nozzle is nearly circular, thick wall, small holes, 6-7 per mm. Stipe on the back or proximal green, sometimes two top prongs branched, curved, long 3.5-15 cm, thickness is 0.3-0.7 cm, and the pileus (cap) is the same color, with a lacquer-like luster.
The hull structure is a typical mimetic substratum type, light brown to brown, composed of mycelium sticks, and the top bulge is usually 5-7 μm wide and 18-25 μm long. Mycelial system trisomy: reproductive mycelium is transparent, thin wall, the diameter is 2.3-3.5 μm; skeleton mycelium is yellowish-brown, thick-walled to solid, tree-like branches, stem diameter is 3.5-4.5μm, branching end formation flagellar, colorless, winding mycelium; winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, 1-2 μm in diameter. Basspores are oval, long oval or elliptic, double-wall, outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, light yellow-brown inner wall, with small thorns, 8-9.7 × 4.5-6.1 μm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma parviungulatum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., grows in mountains and forests. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Bawangling, Haikou of Hainan province, Worldly it is distributed in China.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma simaoense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma simaoense.", or "Simao LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is annual, sessile, corky to woody. Cap-like pad to form hillocks, 3-5 × 4-9 cm, 4-6 cm thick, dark brown near the base surface, there seems to gloss lacquer, no endless belt edge tends to brown color gradually changed to the light brown, blunt edge is complete, lower part is infertility; fungus meat is brown homogeneous, fibrous, no black chitin layer, 4-6 cm thick, there are obvious concentric rings, the case of aqueous KOH solution becomes black; fungus tube length is 2-4 mm, light brown; hole surface is a pale yellow, uneven; pipe mouth is nearly round, 3-5 per mm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma tibetanum J.D.Zhao et X.Q.Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma tibetanum.", or "Ganoderma leucocontextum", or "Xizang LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is perennial, it is a flat sphere with a hard coating, wood, and a pileus (cap). The spheroids have a lacquer-like luster, dark brown to black, with irregular concentric ring grooves, 10-20 x 5-10 cm in diameter, 3 cm thick on the proximal shank, hollow, 1.5-2 mm thick; The fungus tube grows in the cavity, the former is a uniform dark brown, about 3 mm thick, mixed with a white group of mycelium, the latter is brown, 3-4 mm long, the old tube of fungus became white, about 1 cm thick; hole surface is brown, not flat; nozzle is slightly rounded, about 3 per millimeter.
The spores are oval, with umbilical or slightly flattened at the top, double walls, and the outer wall is colorless, transparent, smooth, and the inner wall is light brown, with a prominent small thorn, 9.5-12.5 × 7.4-8.7 μm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma chenghaiense J.D.Zhao., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma chenghaiense.", or "Chenghai LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, usually sessile or sturdy, with short stem base and corky substance. The shape of the pileus (cap) is often irregular or blocky, sometimes is semi-circular, 4-4.5 (-12) × 5-6 (-8) cm, the thickness is up to 3 cm, generally, 0.5-1 cm thick, the surface is brown, red-brown or dark brown, with many longitudinal wrinkles, tending toward the base with a lacquer-like luster; the edges are light brown, thin and sharp; the flesh is homogeneously light brown to brown, cellulosic, 0.2-2.8 cm thick, sometimes with black crust; germ tube is 0.5-2 mm long; the whole surface is light brown or brown, light white when fresh, light brown after drying; nozzle is round, 4-5 per mm (millimeter). If it has a handle base, it can reach 2.5 cm in width and has a strong paint-like luster.
Mycelial system three-body type: transparent mycelium, thin wall, the diameter is 3.7-4.3 μm, with the lock-like association; skeleton mycelium is light brown, thick-walled to solid, with dendritic branches, skeleton dry diameter is 4-5 μm, branched ends form a flagellate-colorless, winding mycelium; the winding mycelium is colorless, thick-walled, and branches sometimes appear at right angles, 1-2 μm in diameter. The spores are oval or nearly elliptic, sometimes slightly truncated apically, double-walled, the outer wall is colorless and transparent, smooth, light brown inner wall, with small spines, 7.5-10.5 (-11.4) x 5.3-7.5 μm.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma tsunodae., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma tsunodae.", or "Rough skin Ganoderma", or "Cu Pi LingZhi", sporocarp (fruiting body) is annual, sessile, fleshy to corky. Cap-shaped or nearly spoon-shaped, profile is semi-spherical to flat, 5-25 × 5-18 cm, 1.5-3 cm thick, rough surface, the light brown, smoke gradient on the backside, sometimes radial wrinkles; the edge is thin or sharp, dry, inward roll; fungus flesh is white, fleshy, hard after drying, thickness is 0.5-1.5 cm; fungus tube is pale pink-gray, long 0.8-1.5 mm; hole surface is near white, dry and light brown-gray; tube mouth is slightly round, about 4 per mm (millimeter). Sterile or sometimes inconspicuous lateral short stipe, irregular shape, color and rough state are the same with the pileus (cap), about 5 cm long, roughly 3 cm thick.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma formosanum Chang et Chen., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma formosanum.", "Black Reishi", or "Taiwan LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) is with middle stalk, lateral stalk, partial stalk, rarely sessile, corky to woody. Pileus (cap) diameter is 15 cm, 0.3-2 cm thick, nearly round, round or kidney-shaped, the surface with sparse concentric ring groove, multi-ring or slightly longitudinal wrinkles, flat to the center of the concave; surface wine red-brown, pale dark brown, dark purple-brown, black, with paint-like luster. Sharp and blunt edge, sometimes under the curve, regular to wavy; fungus flesh thickness is 1-3 cm, upper white, thin, near the fungus tube light gray or black; fungus tube length is 0.3-1.7 cm. Stipe length is up to 30 cm, diameter is 0.8-2.5 cm, there is a scorpion.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma multplea D.Hou., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma multplea.", or "Chonggai LingZhi", sporocarp(fruiting body) has a handle. Nearly round pileus (cap) or sector, overlapping grows, 5-10 × 3-4 cm, 5-9 mm thick, with some stipe pileus (cap) healing, fibrous, suberin to wood, the upper surface of the pileus (cap) has a convex mirror shaped, sometimes flat, concave lower surface rarely; edge rules, integrity or wavy, rarely reflexed; sometimes with the endless belt surface, uneven, with umbilical projections, sometimes concentric ring groove, with a lacquer-like gloss smooth, chestnut brown or yellowish red, the color tends to fade the edge or pale yellowish-white. Stipe is common irregular, short and thick, 3-5 cm length, diameter is 1-3.5 cm, lateral, vertical, or inclined, with a lacquer-like luster red chestnut brown. Birth secondary pileus (cap) below the pileus (cap) from 1-2 × 1-2.5 cm, 5-8 mm thick, short stipe, cylindrical or flat, lateral, long 1-1.5 cm, with the lower pileus (cap) the same color; Fungus tube has thin layer, 1-2 mm long, not layered; nozzle is round, pale yellow-brown.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma australe(Fr.) Pat., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma australe.", "south artist's conk", or "Nanfang Shushe", "Lao Mu Jun", sporocarp(fruiting body) Cap: semicircular, 6.5~13 cm x 4.5~10 cm, the thickness is about 4 cm, grayish brown to dark brown. Meat: brown or cinnamon, hard, thickness is 1.5~2 cm. Fungus tubes: brown to dark brown, layered, brown or yellow-brown. Spores: Oval, smooth, 10.4-14 microns x 7-8 microns.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma australe(Fr.) Pat., grows in mountains and forest, causes white rot of wood and root rot of trees, leading to the death of parasitic trees. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. Worldly it is distributed in China.
Botanical description: The Ganoderma sanmingense J.D. Zhang et X.Q. Zhang., is a fungus of the Ganodermataceae or Polyporaceae family and Ganoderma genus, it is commonly known as "Ganoderma sanmingense.", "Sanming artist's conk", or "Sanming Shushe", sporocarp(fruiting body) is generally small or medium-sized. Pileus (cap) diameter is 4~8 cm, thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm, semicircular or fan-shaped, dark brown, with a wide light brown to brown concentric ring, surface bumps are not junked with concentric rings, smooth or longitudinal wrinkles, matte, with a deep ditch at the edge. The flesh is yellowish-brown, hard, 0.2~0.5 cm thick. The tube length is 0.2-0.3 cm, and the whole surface is yellow-brown. The nozzle is nearly round or slightly polygonal, with 6 to 7 per mm (millimeter). The inner wall of the spore had no obvious thorns or thorns, wide oval to nearly spherical, (6.5 ~ 10.5) pm. x (4 ~ 9) pm.
Ecological Environment: The Ganoderma sanmingense J.D. Zhang et X.Q. Zhang., grows in mountains and forest, raw broadleaf on the rotten wood, dead wood in the deciduous forest. Geographical distribution: This species is mainly distributed in the Sanming City. Worldly it is distributed in China.
Except for above-introduced species, there are several other species of the Ganoderma genus had been identified as Lingzhi Mushroom, and they are known including the species: (53).Ganoderma annulate, (54).Ganoderma bawanglingense(Bawangling Shushe), (55).Ganoderma brownie(He Shushe), (56).Ganoderma aensiionatum(Miwen Shushe), (57).Ganoderma diaoluoshanense(Diaoluoshan Shushe), (58).Ganoderma limushanense(Limushan Shushe), (59).Ganoderma meijjaganse(Mojiang Shushe), (60).Ganoderma philipii(Xiangjiao Shushe), (61).Ganoderma shangsiense(Shangsi Shushe), (62).Ganoderma trianglatum(Sanjiaozhuang Shushe), (63).Ganoderma nugntum(Matizhuang Shushe), (64).Ganoderma koningsbergii(Jiaowen Shushe).
The herbal values of the Ganoderma fungus are recorded in herbal classics, and there are three species among the Ganoderma genus that are suggested by official herbal classics with values for the therapeutical purpose, they are known as the species: (1). Ganoderma lucidum, it is also known as LingZhi(Línɡ Zhī) or Chi Zhi(Chì Zhī), literally, Chì Zhī means "Red Lingzhi Mushroom", (2). Ganoderma sinense, also known as Zǐ Zhī, literally Zǐ Zhī means "Purple Lingzhi Mushroom", and (3). Ganoderma tsugae, also known as Sōng Zhī, literally Sōng Zhī means "Pine Tree Lingzhi Mushroom".These 3 commonly used species are introduced at: Introduction of Ling Zhi: Lucid Ganoderma or Ganoderma Lucidium.
URL QR code:
