Introduction of Bai Zhi:Radix Angelicae Dahuricae or Dahurian Angelica Root.
✵The article gives records of the herb Dahurian Angelica Root, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its herbal classic book defined botanical source 2 plant species, ①.Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f., or ②.Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan., and other 4 usable plant species, ③.Angelica dahurica(Fisch.Ex Hoffm.)Benth.Et Hook.f.ex Franch.Et Sav.Cv.Qibaizhi., ④.Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.var.dahurica, ⑤.Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi., ⑥.Heracleum scabridum Franch., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these six plants, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these six plants, the features of the herb Dahurian Angelica Root, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Pin Yin Name: Bái Zhǐ.
English Name: Dahurian Angelica Root.
Latin Name: Radix Angelicae Dahuricae.
Property and flavor: warm, pungent.
Brief introduction: The herb Radix Angelicae Dahuricae is the dried root of Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., or Angelica dahurica var.formosana(Boiss.) Shan et Yuan (family Umbelliferae), used (1).to release the superficies, disperse wind and alleviate pain in cases of frontal headache and stuffy nose in colds, rheumatalgia, and toothache, (2).to eliminate dampness for checking leukorrhagia, and (3).to discharge pus and reduce swelling for the treatment of boils, sores, abscesses, rhinitis, and nasosinusitis. The herb is commonly known as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Dahurian Angelica Root, Bái Zhǐ.
Botanical source: Herbal classic book defined the herb Radix Angelicae Dahuricae(Bái Zhǐ) as the dry root of the Umbelliferae family plant species (1).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., or (2).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan. Other famous herbal classics defined the herb and also used the root of several other species of the same family: (3).Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi., or (4).Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. var. dahurica, or (5).Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi., (6).Heracleum scabridum Franch. They are plants of the Angelica genus, the Apiaceae family (Umbelliferae, parsley family) of the Apiales order. These 2 commonly used species and the other 4 usable species are introduced:
(1).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica Benth. et Hook", "Dahurian angelica", or "Bai Zhi". A perennial tall herb, it grows up to 1~1.5 meters high. The root is cylindrical, the upper part is nearly square, the surface is taupe brown, with numerous bigger lenticel-like cross protrusions, arranged in several longitudinal grooves. Stem and leaf sheath are mostly yellow green.
Basal leaves are pinnate, with long stalks, and a tubular stem holding, edge membranous sheath at the lower part of the petiole. The upper leaves of the stem are bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, the leaf contour is egg-shapes (oval) to triangular, the length is 15~30 cm, the width is 10~25 cm, the lower part of the petiole is a cystic swollen membranous sheath, glabrous or rare, often with purple. Terminal lobes are oblong, egg-shaped or linear-lanceolate, mostly sessile, 2.5~6 cm long, 1~2.5 cm wide, tapering, margin is irregular white cartilaginous rough serrated, with short pointed apex, its base is often unequal on both sides, extend down into a wing-shape along leaf axis; The leaf below inflorescence reduced to a leafless, markedly enlarged cystic sheath, the out surface is glabrous.
The compound umbel are terminal or lateral, 10~30 cm in diameter, peduncle (flower stalk) is 5~20 cm long, peduncle, unbrella spoke and flower stalk all have short coarse hairs; 18~40 parasol, the involucral bracts 1~2, usually absent; 5~10 bracteoles, linear-lanceolate, membranous; white flowers; Petals are obovate, the top curve into concave shape; Style is 2 times longer than the short conical stylus.
Fruit is oblong to ovoid, yellowish-brown, sometimes purplish, 4~7 mm long, 4~6 mm wide, glabrous, dorsal ridge is oblong, thick and obtuse, far wider than groove, lateral edge is wing shape, narrower than the fruit. There is 1 oil duct (tubing) in the edge groove and 2 tubings on the joint surface. The flowering period is from July to August, the fruiting period is from August to September.
Ecological environment: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., grows under forests, forest margins, beside streams, thickets, and valleys. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the north area of China. It prefers the mild and humid climate and a sunny environment, tolerant of cold.
The species (2).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan. and (3).Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi. are its varietas.
Growth characteristics: Angelica dahurica likes warm and humid climates, cold resistant. It is suitable for cultivation with sufficient sunlight, in the deep soil layer, loose and fertile, with good drainage sandy soil.
Characters of herbs: The herb is long conical, 10~25 cm long, and 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-brown or yellowish-brown, and the root head is blunt quadrangular or nearly round, with numerous wrinkles, branch root marks, and lenticels-like lateral protrusions, some of which are arranged in four longitudinal rows. There are sunken stem marks on the top. The quality is hard and firm, the fracture surface is white or off-white, powdery, forming brown layers, nearly square or nearly round, with many brown oil spots scattered on the cortex, cambium ring is brown, nearly square. It smells aromatic, pungent, and tastes slightly bitter.
Pharmacological actions: ①. antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects; ②. raise blood pressure, slow down pulse, deepens the breath, cause salivation and vomiting, a large dose may cause spasm and paralysis; ③. furocoumarin compounds have photosensitive action and antispasmolysis to smooth muscle; ④. inhibitory effects on bacteria and fungi.
Medicinal efficacy: Dispel wind and dissipate cold, free orifices and relieve pain, reduce swelling and discharge pus, dry dampness, and relieve leukorrhea.
Administration of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Bái Zhǐ):
Reference:
Administration Guide of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Bái Zhǐ)
TCM Books:
①.Internally:3~9 grams; ②.water decoction, 0.8~2 qian (2.4~6 grams), or prepare to pill,powder. Externally:prepare to finely ground herb powder and apply stick; ③.water decoction, 3~10 grams, or prepare to finely ground herb powder and prepared to pill, power.Externally:prepare to finely ground herb powder and apply stick.
(2).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica cv. Hangbaizhi C. Q. Yuan et Shan.", "Angelica dahurica(Fisch.et Hoffm.)Benth.et Hook.f.ex Franch.et Sav.cv.Hangbaizhi Hort.", or "Hang Bai Zhi". Perennial herb, the plant grows 1~1.5 meters tall, cylindrical, nearly square on the upper, grey-brown surface, with a strong odor. The stem is cylindrical, 2~5 cm in diameter, usually purplish, hollow, with longitudinal grooves; Basal leaves are rupennate, with long stalks, tubular stems and edge membranous sheath below the petiole. Cauline leaves pinnate 2~3 back to split, the blade contour is ovate to triangular, 15~3 cm long and 10~25 cm wide, the petiole is up to 15 cm long, the lower part for cystic swollen membranous sheath, rare glabrous or hairy, usually with purple, back at the end of the crack running time, ovoid or linear-lanceolate, 2.5~7 cm long, 1~2.5 cm wide, pointed, margin with irregular white coarsely serrate, along rachis decurrent wing shape.
The leaves below the inflorescence are simplified into a significantly expanded cystic sheath, with an outer glabrous compound umbelliform inflorescence terminal or lateral, 10~30 cm in diameter, 5~20 cm in length, inflorescence stem, parasol, and pedicle all have short strigose. Umbrella stem 18~40; 1~2 involucral bracts, dilated into an ovoid sheath, 5~10 bracteoles, linear-lanceolate;
Flowers are white, fruit is oval, yellow-brown, 4~7 mm long, 4~6 mm wide, nearly spongy, flank winged, groove with 1 tubing, joint surface with 2 tubings, its flowering period is from May to June, fruiting from July to September.
Characters of herbs: The root is conical, 10~20 cm long, 1.5~2.5 cm in diameter, the upper part is nearly square, the surface is ash brown, with larger sample lenticel transverse ridges, 0.5~1 cm long, arranged in a longitudinal, nearly 4 shape circles and 4 ridges, the top has hollow stem scars, the texture is hard and heavy, the cross-section is white, sufficient in powder, nearly square root of the upper section has visible cambium, densely brown leather department point fragrant, taste slightly bitter. The herb of better grade has a dry body, only branches, stout, hard quality, heavy, and a strong aroma.
Ecological environment: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan., grows under forests, forest margins, beside streams, thickets, and valleys. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the middle and lower reaches area of the Yangtze River, China.
(3).Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi.", or "Qi Bai Zhi". Its plant morphology is consistent with that of the species (2).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan.
Characters of herbs: The root is conical, yellowish to yellowish-brown surface, transverse protrusion of lenticular, gray-white cross-section, oily.
Ecological environment: The Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi., grows under forests, forest margins, beside streams, thickets, and valleys. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the north area of China.
(4).Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. var. dahurica.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. var. dahurica, is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. var. dahurica", or "Xing An Bai Zhi". The plant is a perennial tall herb, the plant grows up to 2.5 meters tall. The roots are thick and big, and straight, sometimes with several branches. Stems are thick and big, nearly cylindrical, about 5~9 cm thick at the base, hollow, usually purple-red, the base is glabrous, pubescent on the part near to inflorescence. Leaves on the lower stem are large; Petiole is long, the base is enlarged to a sheath-shape, embrace the stem; Leaves are bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, terminal lobes are egg-shaped (oval) to long ovate, 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, the apex is sharp, margin sharply double serrate, base decurrent into a petiolate; The leaves on the upper part of the stem are smaller, the petioles are all enlarged into ovate leaf sheaths, both sides of the leaves are glabrous, only pubescent on the veins.
Compound umbels are terminal or axillary, pedicels are 10~30 cm long; Involucre bracts are absent or 1~2 dilated sheath bracts, involucret (involucel) 14~16, narrowly lanceolate, longer than pedicels or equal; Calyx is absent; Petals 5, white, ovate-lanceolate, the apex is tapering, incurved; Stamens 5, filaments are slender and project outside petals: ovary is inferior, 2-loculated, style 2, short, the base is yellowish-white or white.
Cremocarp is flat oval or nearly rounded, schizocarp with 5 fruit ribs, and lateral ribs are winged. Its flowering period is from June to July, its fruiting period is from July to September.
Characters of herbs: The root is thinner than Bai Zhi, conical. The appearance color is tan, the upper part has more horizontal furrows, the lower part has longitudinal grain, and the scar after the lateral root is broken. With a sallow surface and a smell like celery.
Ecological environment: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., grows mostly on river banks, streams, and jungle conglomerates along the coast. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the northwest provinces of China.
(5).Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi.
Botanical description: The Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi.", or "Chuan Bai Zhi" or "Ying Xing Dang Gui(Hetero Angelica)". The plant is a perennial herb, the plant grows up to 1~2 meters tall. The roots are straight, with several branch roots. The stem is upright, cylindrical, and hollow, the surface has fine edges. Leaves are alternate; The leaves on the lower part of the stem are bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, and the terminal lobes are long ovate to lanceolate. The petiole is sheath-like, holding the stem; The leaves on the upper part of the stem gradually simplified into a broadly expanded leaf sheath; Leaf margins are irregularly serrate, the upper surface is green, the undersurface is grayish to pale green, glabrous on both surfaces, only short setae (bristles) on veins.
Compound umbels are terminal, pedicels are 15~20 cm long; Involucre bracts are lacking, involucel (involucret) several, narrowly lanceolate to linear, longer than smaller umbrella terrier; Calyx is inconspicuous; 5 petals, white, broadly ovate to orbicular, the apex is slightly concave, with a ligulate fold inward in the center; Stamens 5, anthers are oval: ovary is inferior, 2-locular, 2 styles.
Cremocarp is long elliptic, schizocarp has obvious 5-sided edges, and lateral ribs with lignified wings. Its flowering period is from May to June, its fruiting period is from June to July.
Ecological environment: The Angelica dahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi., grows in mountain and forest margins. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the north area, and it is cultivated in the southwest area of China.
(6).Heracleum scabridum Franch.
Botanical description: The Heracleum scabridum Franch., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Heracleum scabridum Franch.", or "Dian Bai Zhi", or "Niu Fang Feng". The plant is a perennial herb, the whole plant is covered with coarse setae (bristles). Taproot is fusiform. Leaves on the lower stem have petiolate, stalk length is 2~4 cm, base with broad leaf sheath, the leaf is bipinnatifid, 5~20 cm long, 5~7 cm wide, lobes are broadly ovate to long elliptic, 2.5~5 cm long, the upper surface is dark green, with rough fine wrinkles, the undersurface is light green, edge with unequal teeth serrate; The leaves of the upper stem are similar to the leaves of the lower stem.
Compound umbels are terminal and lateral; Peduncle 13~20; Involucral bracts are absent or 1~3, linear-lanceolate; Involucel(involucret) bracts 4-5, linear; Flowers are in 2 types, edge flowers are large, irregular, center flowers are nearly neat; Calyx teeth 5, linear-triangular; Petals 5, white, the apex is 2-lobed; Stamen 5; Ovary is nearly glabrous.
Cremocarp is obovate or oval (egg-shaped), 7~8 mm long, schizocarp has 5 fine edges. Its flowering period is from May to July, the fruiting period is from August to October.
Ecological environment: The Heracleum scabridum Franch., grows in mountain forests and grass at an altitude above 2,000 meters above sea level. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the southwest area of China.
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1.Introduction of Bai Zhi:Radix Angelicae Dahuricae or Dahurian Angelica Root.
✵The article gives records of the herb Dahurian Angelica Root, its English name, Latin name, property and flavor, its herbal classic book defined botanical source 2 plant species, ①.Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f., or ②.Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan., and other 4 usable plant species, ③.Angelica dahurica(Fisch.Ex Hoffm.)Benth.Et Hook.f.ex Franch.Et Sav.Cv.Qibaizhi., ④.Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.var.dahurica, ⑤.Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi., ⑥.Heracleum scabridum Franch., with a detailed introduction to the botanical features of these six plants, the growth characteristics, and ecological environment of these six plants, the features of the herb Dahurian Angelica Root, its pharmacological actions, medicinal efficacy, and administration guide.
Pin Yin Name: Bái Zhǐ.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica Benth. et Hook", "Dahurian angelica", or "Bai Zhi". A perennial tall herb, it grows up to 1~1.5 meters high. The root is cylindrical, the upper part is nearly square, the surface is taupe brown, with numerous bigger lenticel-like cross protrusions, arranged in several longitudinal grooves. Stem and leaf sheath are mostly yellow green.
Basal leaves are pinnate, with long stalks, and a tubular stem holding, edge membranous sheath at the lower part of the petiole. The upper leaves of the stem are bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, the leaf contour is egg-shapes (oval) to triangular, the length is 15~30 cm, the width is 10~25 cm, the lower part of the petiole is a cystic swollen membranous sheath, glabrous or rare, often with purple. Terminal lobes are oblong, egg-shaped or linear-lanceolate, mostly sessile, 2.5~6 cm long, 1~2.5 cm wide, tapering, margin is irregular white cartilaginous rough serrated, with short pointed apex, its base is often unequal on both sides, extend down into a wing-shape along leaf axis; The leaf below inflorescence reduced to a leafless, markedly enlarged cystic sheath, the out surface is glabrous.
The compound umbel are terminal or lateral, 10~30 cm in diameter, peduncle (flower stalk) is 5~20 cm long, peduncle, unbrella spoke and flower stalk all have short coarse hairs; 18~40 parasol, the involucral bracts 1~2, usually absent; 5~10 bracteoles, linear-lanceolate, membranous; white flowers; Petals are obovate, the top curve into concave shape; Style is 2 times longer than the short conical stylus.
Ecological environment: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook.f., grows under forests, forest margins, beside streams, thickets, and valleys. Geographical distribution: this species mainly grows in the north area of China. It prefers the mild and humid climate and a sunny environment, tolerant of cold.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica cv. Hangbaizhi C. Q. Yuan et Shan.", "Angelica dahurica(Fisch.et Hoffm.)Benth.et Hook.f.ex Franch.et Sav.cv.Hangbaizhi Hort.", or "Hang Bai Zhi". Perennial herb, the plant grows 1~1.5 meters tall, cylindrical, nearly square on the upper, grey-brown surface, with a strong odor. The stem is cylindrical, 2~5 cm in diameter, usually purplish, hollow, with longitudinal grooves; Basal leaves are rupennate, with long stalks, tubular stems and edge membranous sheath below the petiole. Cauline leaves pinnate 2~3 back to split, the blade contour is ovate to triangular, 15~3 cm long and 10~25 cm wide, the petiole is up to 15 cm long, the lower part for cystic swollen membranous sheath, rare glabrous or hairy, usually with purple, back at the end of the crack running time, ovoid or linear-lanceolate, 2.5~7 cm long, 1~2.5 cm wide, pointed, margin with irregular white coarsely serrate, along rachis decurrent wing shape.
The leaves below the inflorescence are simplified into a significantly expanded cystic sheath, with an outer glabrous compound umbelliform inflorescence terminal or lateral, 10~30 cm in diameter, 5~20 cm in length, inflorescence stem, parasol, and pedicle all have short strigose. Umbrella stem 18~40; 1~2 involucral bracts, dilated into an ovoid sheath, 5~10 bracteoles, linear-lanceolate;
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex Hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook.f .ex Franch. Et Sav. Cv.Qibaizhi.", or "Qi Bai Zhi". Its plant morphology is consistent with that of the species (2).Angelica dahurica(Fisch.ex Hoffm.) Benth.et Hook.f. var.formosana(Boiss.)Shan et Yuan.
Botanical description: The Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. var. dahurica, is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. var. dahurica", or "Xing An Bai Zhi". The plant is a perennial tall herb, the plant grows up to 2.5 meters tall. The roots are thick and big, and straight, sometimes with several branches. Stems are thick and big, nearly cylindrical, about 5~9 cm thick at the base, hollow, usually purple-red, the base is glabrous, pubescent on the part near to inflorescence. Leaves on the lower stem are large; Petiole is long, the base is enlarged to a sheath-shape, embrace the stem; Leaves are bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, terminal lobes are egg-shaped (oval) to long ovate, 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, the apex is sharp, margin sharply double serrate, base decurrent into a petiolate; The leaves on the upper part of the stem are smaller, the petioles are all enlarged into ovate leaf sheaths, both sides of the leaves are glabrous, only pubescent on the veins.
Cremocarp is flat oval or nearly rounded, schizocarp with 5 fruit ribs, and lateral ribs are winged. Its flowering period is from June to July, its fruiting period is from July to September.
Botanical description: The Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Angelicadahuricavar.formosanacv.Chuanbaizhi.", or "Chuan Bai Zhi" or "Ying Xing Dang Gui(Hetero Angelica)". The plant is a perennial herb, the plant grows up to 1~2 meters tall. The roots are straight, with several branch roots. The stem is upright, cylindrical, and hollow, the surface has fine edges. Leaves are alternate; The leaves on the lower part of the stem are bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, and the terminal lobes are long ovate to lanceolate. The petiole is sheath-like, holding the stem; The leaves on the upper part of the stem gradually simplified into a broadly expanded leaf sheath; Leaf margins are irregularly serrate, the upper surface is green, the undersurface is grayish to pale green, glabrous on both surfaces, only short setae (bristles) on veins.
Botanical description: The Heracleum scabridum Franch., is a plant of the Umbelliferae family and Angelica genus, it is commonly known as "Heracleum scabridum Franch.", or "Dian Bai Zhi", or "Niu Fang Feng". The plant is a perennial herb, the whole plant is covered with coarse setae (bristles). Taproot is fusiform. Leaves on the lower stem have petiolate, stalk length is 2~4 cm, base with broad leaf sheath, the leaf is bipinnatifid, 5~20 cm long, 5~7 cm wide, lobes are broadly ovate to long elliptic, 2.5~5 cm long, the upper surface is dark green, with rough fine wrinkles, the undersurface is light green, edge with unequal teeth serrate; The leaves of the upper stem are similar to the leaves of the lower stem.
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